Human Geography Landscapes of Human Activities 12th Edition By Bjelland Associate Professor – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

 

 

Sample Questions Posted Below

 

Chapter 5 Language and Religion – Mosaics of Culture

Student: _________________________________________________________

1. Pidgin and Creole languages are distinguished from each other by the fact that a pidgin

A. may be based on any European language; a Creole is always a French dialect.

B. is always a second language for all its speakers whereas a Creole has become a distinctive first language of a society.

C. is a simplified European language taught to native populations; a Creole is a simplified native language.

D. is any invented language of Asia and the Pacific; a Creole is based on French and found in the Caribbean.

2. The Indo-European language family

A. is made up of separate languages collectively spoken by about one-half of the world’s population.

B. is spatially confined to the area extending from southeastern Europe eastward to northern India.

C. despite dialect differences has retained an essentially common vocabulary shared by all.

D. was strongly affected during its formative period by English colonization and the defeat of the Spanish armada.

3. The spread of English as a worldwide language was the result of

A. the success of England and the United States in World Wars I and II.

B. international agreement upon a common language to avoid the confusion of multiple European tongues.

C. the connection between the use of English and the receipt of foreign aid by developing countries.

D. the establishment of overseas colonies and former English dominance in world trade.

4. The principal concentration of French-speaking North Americans is in

A. Maine.

B. Louisiana.

C. Quebec.

D. Manitoba.

5. The movement to make English the official language of the United States

A. formalizes the “original intent” of the framers of the Constitution.

B. is endorsed by most immigrant groups as a sure device to assimilate newcomers speedily into American mainstream society.

C. is seen by its opponents as discriminatory and harmful to the education of ethnic minority children.

D. has been rejected by the voters in the majority of states where “official English” has been proposed.

6. The most important medium for transmitting culture is

A. language.

B. imitation.

C. legislation.

D. religion.

7. Religions are important keys to human geographic understanding because

A. with their emphasis upon charity and the afterlife, religions play a universal pacifying role.

B. they are one of the very few aspects of human culture totally divorced from the environments they occupy.

C. each major world religion is identified with a specific parent language.

D. religious beliefs affect all facets of a culture.

8. Language family relationships can be recognized through similarities in

A. dialect and sentence structure.

B. vocabulary and grammar.

C. isoglosses and isophones.

D. toponyms and gerundives.

9. It is believed that the Indo-European protolanguage originated about 5000 years ago in

A. the Ganges Valley of northern India.

B. the ancient hearth region of Mesopotamia.

C. eastern Europe or the Ukrainian steppes

D. southern France or northern Iberia.

10. A language may be defined as

A. a literary tradition developed in a specific geographic area.

B. a cultural constant of the sociological subsystem.

C. the necessary basis of national identity.

D. an organized system of speech communication.

11. Which of the following is NOT an Indo-European language?

A. Hindi

B. English

C. Arabic

D. Celtic

12. The classification of languages by origin and historical relationship is called

A. symbiotic classification.

B. organic classification.

C. syncretic classification.

D. genetic classification.

13. The use of English as the official language of Nigeria demonstrates the

A. degree to which a colonial power can completely eliminate the native language of a conquered territory.

B. concept of lingua franca.

C. precondition of Nigerian participation in the British-dominated Commonwealth of Nations.

D. strong union of language and religion in the work of Christian missionaries.

14. The study of place names as evidence of past cultural presence and change is called

A. topography.

B. topology.

C. toponymy.

D. loconumology.

15. The world’s oldest major religion is

A. Buddhism.

B. Shintoism.

C. Judaism.

D. Hinduism.

16. The spread of languages may reflect

A. expansion diffusion assisted by acculturation.

B. hierarchical diffusion assisted by lingualism.

C. relocation diffusion, but rarely expansion diffusion.

D. expansion diffusion, but rarely hierarchical diffusion.

17. Which of the following religions has remained dominant in its area of origin?

A. Christianity

B. Islam

C. Buddhism

D. Nihilism

18. Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity have been called “universalizing” religions because each

A. is widely distributed with many adherents on all continents.

B. proclaims the divine origin of the universe.

C. claims universal applicability and seeks converts.

D. promises a universally accessible afterlife for all humanity.

19. The doctrine instructing Hindus and Buddhists to refrain from harming any living being is called

A. ahimsa.

B. pancasila.

C. karma.

D. sharia.

20. A primary basis for the partition of the Indian subcontinent following British rule was to

A. reduce tension and conflict between speakers of Indo-European Hindi and Dravidian Tamil tongues.

B. recognize the existence of distinctive regional religious animosities.

C. adhere to a demand voiced by Mohandas Gandhi.

D. recognize the territorial rights of Buddhist Bangladesh.

21. The lunch room at Acme Corporation is a lively place. Listening to various conversations, a socio-linguistic researcher observes administrators speaking standard English while assembly line workers speak several different versions of English. The assembly line workers are said to be speaking a

1. A. vernacular.
2. B. pidgin.
3. C. Creole.
4. D. linga franca.

22. The line that distinguishes the difference in the pronunciation of “about” (a  b out) versus “about” (a boot) in North America is an example of 

1. A. a vernacular line. 
2. B. an isogloss.
3. C. a language demarcation.
4. D. an isotherm.

23. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the US religious landscape?

1. A. A part of today’s religious landscape in that US is the megachurch.
2. B. The state religion of the US is Christianity.
3. C. Places of worship in the US include store fronts.
4. D. There is great diversity and vitality in American religious and places of worship.

24. The religion that is syncrentic is

1. A. Buddhism.
2. B. Islam.
3. C. Jainism.
4. D. Sikhism.

25. Which of the following beliefs is NOT a shared belief of the religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam?

1. A. There is one God.
2. B. God can be revealed to humans through prophets.
3. C. Adam was the first human.
4. D. Believers must pray 5 times daily.

26. In Hindu society the caliphs (scholars and priests) are the highest caste.

TrueFalse

27. Christianity expanded solely through expansion diffusion.

True False

28. Nearly three-quarters of the world’s population adhere to tribal and ethnic religions.

True    False

29. The establishment of the state of Israel represented a return of a dispersed religion to its hearth region.

True    False

30. Both language and religion are indispensable attributes of all cultures.

True    False

31. Hindi and Urdu are essentially the same language written in different scripts.

True    False

32. The acceptance of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire initiated its hierarchical diffusion in Europe.

True    False

33. The spread of Islam to Indonesia and the Americas is an example of expansion diffusion.

True    False

34. All the universalizing religions had their origin hearths in the Near East.

True    False

35. Standard French is based on the dialect of the Paris region.

True    False

36. “Dialectical materialism” is the term that describes the emergence of a single dialect as the standard language of a social group.

True    False

37. Vernacular speech is the nonstandard language or dialect of a locality.

True    False

38. The linguistic geography of the present-day United States may be traced to three 18th century dialect regions of the Atlantic Seaboard.

True    False

39. Value systems that are nonreligious in nature tend not to be binding on the societies that hold them.

True    False

40. Language is more important than religion in shaping a culture’s economic, social, and political institutions.

True    False

41. Bantu languages are commonly found in Southeast Asia.

True    False

42. Language spread displays all diffusion processes except hierarchical diffusion.

True    False

43. The outer limit of occurrence of a dialect feature is called an isophene.

True    False

44. Between the 11th and 14th centuries the language of the nobility and the government of England was French.

True    False

45. English is the world’s most commonly spoken native language.

True    False

46. People who speak a common language are said to be members of a linguistic commune.

True    False

47. Most instances of language spread reflect voluntary adoption rather than the forced imposition of a new tongue.

True    False

48. The roots of modern English may be traced back to various northern European proto-Germanic dialects.

True    False

49. Linguistic uniformity imposed by the use of Standard American English in education, business, government, radio, and television has all but eliminated regional and social dialects in the United States.

True    False

50. The separation of the Roman Empire into western and eastern halves also served to divide the Christian religion.

True    False

51. The mosque is much less important as a focal point of Islamic communal life than is the stupa in Buddhism.

True    False

52. Although a number of different languages were spoken by Native Americans before European colonization, all North and Meso-American tongues belonged to a single language family.

True    False

53. Although in prehistory humans only spoke between 10,000 and 15,000 tongues, the number of languages in the modern world has greatly increased with population growth and the increase in the number of separate countries.

True    False

54. Discuss the ways in which religion may affect other cultural traits of a society. As part of your response, select a world religion and relate it to other characteristics of the specific culture of which it is a part.

 

55. Discuss the ways in which a language may reveal its area of origin and the content of the culture that speaks it.

 

56. Using a single language or religion as your example, discuss differing processes of diffusion and their resulting spatial outcomes.

 

57. Compare and contrast major world religions from the standpoint of their impact on the landscape.

 

Chapter 5 Language and Religion – Mosaics of Culture 

1. B

2. A

3. D

4. C

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. B

9. C

10. D

11. C

12. D

13. B

14. C

15. D

16. A

17. B

18. C

19. A

20. B

21.  A

22.  B

23.  B

24.   D

25.   D

26.  FALSE

27.  FALSE

28. FALSE

29. TRUE

30. FALSE

31. TRUE

32. TRUE

33. FALSE

34. FALSE

35. TRUE

36. FALSE

37. TRUE

38. TRUE

39. FALSE

40. TRUE

41. FALSE

42. FALSE

43. FALSE

44. TRUE

45. FALSE

46. FALSE

47. TRUE

48. TRUE

49. FALSE

50. TRUE

51. FALSE

52. FALSE

53. FALSE

54. Effects of religion are found in the (1) technological subsystem: foods produced, work ethic, acceptance of innovation; (2) ideological subsystem: dietary rules, religious observances and behavioral rules, some voting behaviors; (3) sociological subsystem: education, church hierarchies. Specifics depend on the religion and area selected.

55. Words traceable to their protolanguage suggest features of origin locales; other common acquired words indicate paths of diffusion.

56. Response will depend on example chosen: Christianity shows relocation, expansion, contagious, and hierarchical diffusion; Islam shows primarily expansion and relocation diffusion; Hinduism shows principally contagious diffusion. Similar lists can be compiled for spread of major languages.

57. Christianity: churches, cathedrals, cemeteries; Islam: mosques, cemeteries; Hinduism: innumerable temples, shrines, sacred animals, specially garbed holy persons; Buddhism: sculpted and painted images, stupas, temples, and monasteries, sacred fig trees.