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Chapter 5 – Values Development
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.What is another term that can be used interchangeably with “human values development”?
| a. | moral development |
| b. | faith development |
| c. | ethical values |
| d. | formal operations development |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 107 BLM: Remember
2.Which of the following is believed to be learned within, and shared by, a group of interacting persons?
| a. | etiquette |
| b. | independence |
| c. | values |
| d. | connections |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 107 BLM: Higher Order
3.What are the key factors associated with Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
| a. | relationships and logic |
| b. | responsibility and caring |
| c. | personal liberty and rights |
| d. | reciprocity and equality |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 109 BLM: Higher Order
4.What is the term for the moral imperative being grounded in relationship with and responsibility for one another?
| a. | ethic of justice |
| b. | ethic of care |
| c. | faith development |
| d. | cognitive development |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 111 BLM: Remember
5.Which of the following describes the development of intellectual capacities through the time of childhood, from birth to around age 15 years?
| a. | Kohlberg’s theory of moral development |
| b. | Piaget’s stages of cognitive development |
| c. | Lao Tsu’s theory of development |
| d. | Fowler’s stages of faith development |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 2 BLM: Higher Order
6.What are two of the stages at the post-conventional level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
| a. | prior rights and social contract |
| b. | individual instrumental purpose and exchange |
| c. | punishment and obedience |
| d. | universal moral principles |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 111 BLM: Remember
7.According to Kohlberg and Gilligan, which of the following is the final stage in an adult’s values development?
| a. | universal consideration |
| b. | renewed perspective |
| c. | perceived authority |
| d. | general consensus |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 113 BLM: Higher Order
8.How can nurses avoid making inappropriate judgments about another’s moral capabilities?
| a. | by understanding that all people have the same ethical, moral, and cultural values; they are just named differently |
| b. | by keeping strict adherence to hospital and unit guidelines while caring for the patient and patient’s family |
| c. | by understanding varying perspectives from which moral decisions are made by both the nurse and the patient |
| d. | by recognizing that needs are not always clear and that emotions encompass perspectives of care |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 109 BLM: Higher Order
9.From whose frameworks do the discussions of moral development found in current literature primarily flow?
| a. | Kohlberg and Gilligan |
| b. | Piaget and Fowler |
| c. | Thomas |
| d. | Colby and Kohlberg |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 110–111 BLM: Remember
10.What does Phase 3 of Gilligan’s study of the psychological development of women include?
| a. | a focus on what is best for the self, including selfishness and dependence on others |
| b. | responsibility to self is taken into account, along with responding to needs of others |
| c. | mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity |
| d. | responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 112 BLM: Higher Order
11.In Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, what are the two stages of the pre-operational level called?
| a. | punishment and obedience |
| b. | environmental interaction and stimuli |
| c. | language and logical thought |
| d. | magical thinking and some reasoning |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 109–110 BLM: Remember
12.What does Phase 2 of Gilligan’s study of the psychological development of women include?
| a. | a sense of goodness as self-sacrifice, in which the needs of others are often put ahead of self |
| b. | a concern about the reaction of others as a basis for decisions and behaviour |
| c. | reflecting a movement into a world beyond the family and a deep appreciation of connectedness |
| d. | a deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 112 BLM: Higher Order
13.Which of the following does Stage 1 of Gilligan’s study of the Psychological Development of Women include?
| a. | a focus on what is best for the self, and includes selfishness and dependence on others |
| b. | a sense of being responsible for others, so that one is regarded positively |
| c. | a period when the imperatives of absolute love and justice become prime, and energy is focused on transforming the present reality toward transcendent actuality |
| d. | a deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 112 BLM: Higher Order
14.Which level of Thomas’s moral response is “Blind following of standards set by somebody else” an example of?
| a. | expressive level |
| b. | pre-reflective level |
| c. | self-reflective level |
| d. | reflective level |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 113 BLM: Higher Order
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