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Chapter 5 Values Development
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.A basic method of fixing belief whereby the person obstinately adheres to beliefs already held is called:
| a. | authority. | c. | tenacity. |
| b. | a priori. | d. | reasoning. |
ANS: C PTS: 1
2.Which of the following is a stage in Level III of Kohlberg’s theory?
| a. | The Stage of Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Conformity |
| b. | The Stage of Punishment and Obedience |
| c. | The Stage of Social System and Conscience Management |
| d. | The Stage of Universal Ethical Principles |
ANS: D PTS: 1
3.In Fowler’s Stage of Faith Development, Stage 6 is called:
| a. | Individuative-Reflective faith. | c. | Intuitive-Projective faith. |
| b. | Universalizing faith. | d. | Synthetic-Conventional faith. |
ANS: B PTS: 1
4.An organizing way of looking at the nature of the universe as a whole and the role of the human in it that incorporates both the physical plane and the interconnected, multidimensional universe is called:
| a. | cosmology. | c. | ethic of care. |
| b. | values development. | d. | faith development. |
ANS: A PTS: 1
5.Human values development is often referred to as:
| a. | moral development. | c. | ethical values. |
| b. | faith development. | d. | formal operations development. |
ANS: A PTS: 1
6.Human values development reflects the content and process of learning what is right and wrong within a culture.
| a. | True | b. | False |
ANS: A PTS: 1
7.“Ethics of Justice” is associated with which of the following theorists?
| a. | Piaget | c. | Kohlberg |
| b. | Gilligan | d. | Fowler |
ANS: C PTS: 1
8.The moral imperative grounded in relationship with and responsibility for one another is called:
| a. | ethic of justice. | c. | faith development. |
| b. | ethic of care. | d. | cognitive development. |
ANS: B PTS: 1
9.The development of intellectual capacities through the time of childhood from birth to around age 15 years refers to:
| a. | Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. |
| b. | Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. |
| c. | Lao Tsu’s theory of development. |
| d. | Fowler’s stages of faith development. |
ANS: B PTS: 1
10.In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, the preconventional level includes two stages. They are:
| a. | punishment and obedience. |
| b. | individual instrumental purpose and exchange. |
| c. | rights and social utility. |
| d. | a and b. |
ANS: D PTS: 1
11.Values development moves from a focus on self toward being guided in universal considerations.
| a. | True | b. | False |
ANS: A PTS: 1
12.Nurses can avoid making inappropriate judgments about another’s moral capabilities by:
| a. | understanding that all people have the same ethical, moral, and cultural values; they are just called by different names. |
| b. | keeping strict adherence to hospital and unit guidelines while caring for the patient and patient’s family. |
| c. | understanding varying perspectives from which moral decisions are made by both the nurse and the patient. |
| d. | all of the above. |
ANS: C PTS: 1
13.The discussions of moral development found in current literature flow primarily from the frameworks developed by:
| a. | Kohlberg and Gilligan. | c. | Gilligan and Piaget. |
| b. | Piaget and Fowler. | d. | Kohlberg and Fowler. |
ANS: A PTS: 1
14.Phase 3 of Gilligan’s study of the psychological development of women includes which of the following?
| a. | A focus on what is best for the self, and includes selfishness and dependence on others. |
| b. | The movement into a world beyond the family in which values and beliefs derive from experiences in interpersonal relationships. |
| c. | Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity. |
| d. | A deep appreciation of connectedness, including responsibility to self and others as moral equals, and a clear imperative to harm no one. |
ANS: D PTS: 1
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1.When considering developmental norms for moral development, nurses must be alert for (select all that apply):
| a. | gender. | d. | norms. |
| b. | cultural factors. | e. | bias. |
| c. | faith development. | ||
ANS: A, B, D, E PTS: 1
2.Which of the following statements are true regarding Gilligan’s study of the psychosocial development of women? Select all that apply.
| a. | Progression through each of the three stages reflects greater depth in understanding the relationship of self and others. |
| b. | Phase 3 focuses on the concern for survival. |
| c. | Gilligan suggests a linear progression moving from one phase to the next. |
| d. | Phase 2, focusing on good, includes a sense of goodness as self-sacrifice. |
| e. | Gilligan’s model is considered an ethic of care. |
ANS: A, C, D, E PTS: 1
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