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Chapter 5 Initiating and Implementing Change
1) A new chairperson of the nursing department has been appointed and plans to institute new programs for
faculty development with a focus on innovative teaching strategies. According to Lewin, which is the first step
in initiating this plan?
1. Ask staff to assist in the development of a plan for implementing new teaching strategies.
2. Include the staff in actively participating in the identification of problems related to teaching strategies.
3. Implement interventions to improve the teaching strategies currently used.
4. Reinforce the efforts of faculty as they begin to use new teaching strategies.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 90
2) The nursing supervisor identified ineffective communication as a problem among the managers. According to
Lippittʹs Phases of Change, which is the final stage of the improving this problem?
1. Develop the action and evaluation plan.
2. Determine the role of the change agent.
3. Communicate often to maintain the change.
4. Withdraw from the role of change agent gradually.
Answer: 4
Explanation: 1. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 91
3) The nurse manager is planning to initiate new policies in the department. According to Havelockʹs Model,
which behavior is characteristic of the moving stage?
1. Resources are acquired to facilitate change.
2. Solutions are identified to create change.
3. Relationships are formed among all participants.
4. Self-renewal among all participants occurs.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 92
4) A new IV pump has just been purchased by the facility. According to Rogers, which is the first step in
introducing this new pump to the staff?
1. Introducing the decision-making unit to the innovation
2. Seeking reinforcement that the decision to make an innovation is correct
3. Deciding to adopt or reject the innovation
4. Forming a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the innovation
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 93
5) Which step is critical for change to be initiated?
1. Data collection and analysis
2. Minimize anxiety about the change
3. Develop operational indicators of success
4. Make people uncomfortable with status quo
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Emphasis is placed on the assessment phase of change, particularly data collection and
analysis of the issue. Minimizing anxiety is incorrect because once the proposed change is
introduced, the change agent will attempt to minimize anxiety. Developing indicators is
incorrect because operational indicators of success are developed once the planning phase is
near completion. Making people comfortable is incorrect because planting the seeds of
discontent about the status quo occurs after the problem has been assessed.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
2. Emphasis is placed on the assessment phase of change, particularly data collection and
analysis of the issue. Minimizing anxiety is incorrect because once the proposed change is
introduced, the change agent will attempt to minimize anxiety. Developing indicators is
incorrect because operational indicators of success are developed once the planning phase is
near completion. Making people comfortable is incorrect because planting the seeds of
discontent about the status quo occurs after the problem has been assessed.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
3. Emphasis is placed on the assessment phase of change, particularly data collection and
analysis of the issue. Minimizing anxiety is incorrect because once the proposed change is
introduced, the change agent will attempt to minimize anxiety. Developing indicators is
incorrect because operational indicators of success are developed once the planning phase is
near completion. Making people comfortable is incorrect because planting the seeds of
discontent about the status quo occurs after the problem has been assessed.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Emphasis is placed on the assessment phase of change, particularly data collection and
analysis of the issue. Minimizing anxiety is incorrect because once the proposed change is
introduced, the change agent will attempt to minimize anxiety. Developing indicators is
incorrect because operational indicators of success are developed once the planning phase is
near completion. Making people comfortable is incorrect because planting the seeds of
discontent about the status quo occurs after the problem has been assessed.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 5-3: Discuss how the change process is similar to the nursing process.
Test Taking Tip: Remember in any situation, assessment should be the first step.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 94
6) Which strategy is most accurate about creating effective change?
1. Providing information addresses the motivation to change
2. Educating people opposed to change creates new opinions
3. Disseminating information is a prerequisite to change
4. Terminating people opposed to the idea of change if necessary
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1. Providing information is a prerequisite to change implementation, but is inadequate unless
lack of information is the only obstacle to effecting change. Providing information is incorrect
because although providing information is a prerequisite to change, it does not address the
motivation to change. Educating people opposed to change is incorrect because some people
are vested in their opinions and may remain resistant to change regardless of how well
informed they are. Terminating people is incorrect because people who refuse to consider
change may be transferred to another department within the organization. Others may
gradually open themselves to the idea of change once the plan has been implemented.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Providing information is a prerequisite to change implementation, but is inadequate unless
lack of information is the only obstacle to effecting change. Providing information is incorrect
because although providing information is a prerequisite to change, it does not address the
motivation to change. Educating people opposed to change is incorrect because some people
are vested in their opinions and may remain resistant to change regardless of how well
informed they are. Terminating people is incorrect because people who refuse to consider
change may be transferred to another department within the organization. Others may
gradually open themselves to the idea of change once the plan has been implemented.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Providing information is a prerequisite to change implementation, but is inadequate unless
lack of information is the only obstacle to effecting change. Providing information is incorrect
because although providing information is a prerequisite to change, it does not address the
motivation to change. Educating people opposed to change is incorrect because some people
are vested in their opinions and may remain resistant to change regardless of how well
informed they are. Terminating people is incorrect because people who refuse to consider
change may be transferred to another department within the organization. Others may
gradually open themselves to the idea of change once the plan has been implemented.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Providing information is a prerequisite to change implementation, but is inadequate unless
lack of information is the only obstacle to effecting change. Providing information is incorrect
because although providing information is a prerequisite to change, it does not address the
motivation to change. Educating people opposed to change is incorrect because some people
are vested in their opinions and may remain resistant to change regardless of how well
informed they are. Terminating people is incorrect because people who refuse to consider
change may be transferred to another department within the organization. Others may
gradually open themselves to the idea of change once the plan has been implemented.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-4: Differentiate among change strategies.
Test Taking Tip: Consider the outcome of each option and determine which is the most desirable.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 95
7) Computerized charting will be initiated on select units of the hospital. Orientation to this new system will be
provided to each nurse by a team of nurses educated in nursing informatics. Of which is this an example?
1. Power-coercive strategies
2. Empirical-rational model
3. Lippittʹs Phases of Change
4. Normative-reeducative strategies
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Introduction of new technology that improves quality assurance would be readily accepted
after in-service education and perhaps a trial use. Power-coercive strategies are based on the
application of power by legitimate authority, economic sanctions, or political influence.
Lippittʹs Phases of Change is a seven-step process to change that involves participants in every
step of the process. Normative-reeducative strategies focus on peopleʹs roles and relationships,
perceptual orientations, and attitudes in order to accept change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Introduction of new technology that improves quality assurance would be readily accepted
after in-service education and perhaps a trial use. Power-coercive strategies are based on the
application of power by legitimate authority, economic sanctions, or political influence.
Lippittʹs Phases of Change is a seven-step process to change that involves participants in every
step of the process. Normative-reeducative strategies focus on peopleʹs roles and relationships,
perceptual orientations, and attitudes in order to accept change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Introduction of new technology that improves quality assurance would be readily accepted
after in-service education and perhaps a trial use. Power-coercive strategies are based on the
application of power by legitimate authority, economic sanctions, or political influence.
Lippittʹs Phases of Change is a seven-step process to change that involves participants in every
step of the process. Normative-reeducative strategies focus on peopleʹs roles and relationships,
perceptual orientations, and attitudes in order to accept change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Introduction of new technology that improves quality assurance would be readily accepted
after in-service education and perhaps a trial use. Power-coercive strategies are based on the
application of power by legitimate authority, economic sanctions, or political influence.
Lippittʹs Phases of Change is a seven-step process to change that involves participants in every
step of the process. Normative-reeducative strategies focus on peopleʹs roles and relationships,
perceptual orientations, and attitudes in order to accept change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-4: Differentiate among change strategies.
Test Taking Tip: Know theories and models and be prepared to apply them in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 96
8) The hospital administration has changed from a traditional nursing system to self-governance. This change
was recognized by nursing personnel as a positive change and is an example of which strategy?
1. Power-coercive strategy
2. Empirical-rational model
3. A driving force
4. A normative-reeducative strategy
Answer: 4
Explanation: 1. In most cases, the normative-reeducative approach to change will be effective in reducing
resistance and stimulating personal and organizational creativity. Power-coercive strategies
are used when much resistance is anticipated, time is short, and the change is critical for
organizational survival. The empirical-rational model is a change agent strategy based on the
assumption that people are rational and follow self-interest if that self-interest is made clear.
A driving force is a behavior that facilitates change by pushing participants in the desired
direction in spite of restraining forces.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. In most cases, the normative-reeducative approach to change will be effective in reducing
resistance and stimulating personal and organizational creativity. Power-coercive strategies
are used when much resistance is anticipated, time is short, and the change is critical for
organizational survival. The empirical-rational model is a change agent strategy based on the
assumption that people are rational and follow self-interest if that self-interest is made clear.
A driving force is a behavior that facilitates change by pushing participants in the desired
direction in spite of restraining forces.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. In most cases, the normative-reeducative approach to change will be effective in reducing
resistance and stimulating personal and organizational creativity. Power-coercive strategies
are used when much resistance is anticipated, time is short, and the change is critical for
organizational survival. The empirical-rational model is a change agent strategy based on the
assumption that people are rational and follow self-interest if that self-interest is made clear.
A driving force is a behavior that facilitates change by pushing participants in the desired
direction in spite of restraining forces.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. In most cases, the normative-reeducative approach to change will be effective in reducing
resistance and stimulating personal and organizational creativity. Power-coercive strategies
are used when much resistance is anticipated, time is short, and the change is critical for
organizational survival. The empirical-rational model is a change agent strategy based on the
assumption that people are rational and follow self-interest if that self-interest is made clear.
A driving force is a behavior that facilitates change by pushing participants in the desired
direction in spite of restraining forces.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-4: Differentiate among change strategies.
Test Taking Tip: Know and be prepared to answer questions about similar topics.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 97
9) Which option best reflects a driving force in the process of change?
1. A financial deficit of millions of dollars
2. A staff composed of long-term employees
3. An ineffective nurse manager
4. An administration composed of long-term employees
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. A budget in the red necessitates change by pushing participants in a desired direction. A staff
of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by discouraging
participants from making specified changes. An ineffective nurse manager is a restraining
force that impedes change by discouraging participants from making specified changes. An
administration of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by
discouraging participants from making specified changes.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. A budget in the red necessitates change by pushing participants in a desired direction. A staff
of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by discouraging
participants from making specified changes. An ineffective nurse manager is a restraining
force that impedes change by discouraging participants from making specified changes. An
administration of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by
discouraging participants from making specified changes.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. A budget in the red necessitates change by pushing participants in a desired direction. A staff
of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by discouraging
participants from making specified changes. An ineffective nurse manager is a restraining
force that impedes change by discouraging participants from making specified changes. An
administration of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by
discouraging participants from making specified changes.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. A budget in the red necessitates change by pushing participants in a desired direction. A staff
of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by discouraging
participants from making specified changes. An ineffective nurse manager is a restraining
force that impedes change by discouraging participants from making specified changes. An
administration of long-term employees is a restraining force that impedes change by
discouraging participants from making specified changes.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-3: Discuss how the change process is similar to the nursing process.
Test Taking Tip: Think of the outcome for each option and choose the one that will expedite the need for a large change in
the entire institution. The option that is most detrimental to its survival will be the correct option.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 98
10) When faced with the prospect of change, the nurse states, ʺWe have always done it this way and never had any
problems.ʺ A few weeks later, the same nurse remarks, ʺThis new way seems to work better than the old way
did.ʺ This statement is characteristic of which type of change response?
1. Laggards
2. Innovators
3. Early adopters
4. Early majority
Answer: 4
Explanation: 1. The early majority prefers the status quo, but eventually accepts change. Laggards dislike
change and are openly antagonistic. Innovators love change and thrive on it. Early adopters
are less radical but still receptive to change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. The early majority prefers the status quo, but eventually accepts change. Laggards dislike
change and are openly antagonistic. Innovators love change and thrive on it. Early adopters
are less radical but still receptive to change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. The early majority prefers the status quo, but eventually accepts change. Laggards dislike
change and are openly antagonistic. Innovators love change and thrive on it. Early adopters
are less radical but still receptive to change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. The early majority prefers the status quo, but eventually accepts change. Laggards dislike
change and are openly antagonistic. Innovators love change and thrive on it. Early adopters
are less radical but still receptive to change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-6: Discuss how to handle resistance to change.
Test Taking Tip: Consider each option carefully and compare the quotes with each option. Choose the one that best
exemplifies the quotes.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 99
11) Which statements if made by the nurse manager would demonstrate effective change management? Select all
that apply.
1. ʺWe cannot lose sight of the mission and values of our institution as we begin to integrate these changes.ʺ
2. ʺAlthough this task is going to be difficult, we have the full support of our hospital administration.ʺ
3. ʺIf this approach doesnʹt work, at least we can say weʹve tried.ʺ
4. ʺIn order for this plan to work, everyone must agree to be a participant.ʺ
5. ʺLetʹs wait until our administration has completed their reorganization before we implement change.ʺ
Answer: 1, 2
Explanation: 1. Integrative thinking keeps focused on the big picture while implementing change. It is also
important to acknowledge the difficulty of the task yet remain confident and persistence.
Saying ʺweʹve triedʺ is incorrect because it suggests that resistance will be tolerated and there is
little investment in the task. Everyoneʹs agreement is incorrect because 100% support is not
needed for change to occur. Management strives for consensus. Completion of a reorganization
is incorrect because change is not initiated by top-level management and it is important not to
delay the implementation.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Integrative thinking keeps focused on the big picture while implementing change. It is also
important to acknowledge the difficulty of the task yet remain confident and persistence.
Saying ʺweʹve triedʺ is incorrect because it suggests that resistance will be tolerated and there is
little investment in the task. Everyoneʹs agreement is incorrect because 100% support is not
needed for change to occur. Management strives for consensus. Completion of a reorganization
is incorrect because change is not initiated by top-level management and it is important not to
delay the implementation.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Integrative thinking keeps focused on the big picture while implementing change. It is also
important to acknowledge the difficulty of the task yet remain confident and persistence.
Saying ʺweʹve triedʺ is incorrect because it suggests that resistance will be tolerated and there is
little investment in the task. Everyoneʹs agreement is incorrect because 100% support is not
needed for change to occur. Management strives for consensus. Completion of a reorganization
is incorrect because change is not initiated by top-level management and it is important not to
delay the implementation.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Integrative thinking keeps focused on the big picture while implementing change. It is also
important to acknowledge the difficulty of the task yet remain confident and persistence.
Saying ʺweʹve triedʺ is incorrect because it suggests that resistance will be tolerated and there is
little investment in the task. Everyoneʹs agreement is incorrect because 100% support is not
needed for change to occur. Management strives for consensus. Completion of a reorganization
is incorrect because change is not initiated by top-level management and it is important not to
delay the implementation.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 100
5. Integrative thinking keeps focused on the big picture while implementing change. It is also
important to acknowledge the difficulty of the task yet remain confident and persistence.
Saying ʺweʹve triedʺ is incorrect because it suggests that resistance will be tolerated and there is
little investment in the task. Everyoneʹs agreement is incorrect because 100% support is not
needed for change to occur. Management strives for consensus. Completion of a reorganization
is incorrect because change is not initiated by top-level management and it is important not to
delay the implementation.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-5: Describe the managerʹs role in change.
Test Taking Tip: It is the nurse managerʹs responsibility to be the ʺcheerleaderʺ when initiating change. Decide which
options best exemplify this responsibility.
12) In making a change in hospital policy, which best describes the nursing administrators first priority?
1. Research the options that will work best for the nursing staff and the hospital.
2. Ensure each nurse is aware of the change and why it is necessary to undertake.
3. Speak positively of the change to ensure the most ʺbuy-inʺ from the nurses.
4. Encourage the other administrators to choose the option easiest for the nurses.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Assessment is always the first action for a nurse in any situation. The other three options are all
interventions and would come after the research phase was complete.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Assessment is always the first action for a nurse in any situation. The other three options are all
interventions and would come after the research phase was complete.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Assessment is always the first action for a nurse in any situation. The other three options are all
interventions and would come after the research phase was complete.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Assessment is always the first action for a nurse in any situation. The other three options are all
interventions and would come after the research phase was complete.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-1: Explain why nurses need to be change agents.
Test Taking Tip: Always apply the nursing process when determining priorities.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 101
13) Which is the expected outcome when acting as a change agent?
1. Demonstrating management skills
2. Encouraging nurses to stick together
3. Improving client care
4. Guiding nursing practice
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1. All nursing responsibilities have the expected outcome of improving client care. The other
options are more personally related to the nurseʹs role as a whole.
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. All nursing responsibilities have the expected outcome of improving client care. The other
options are more personally related to the nurseʹs role as a whole.
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. All nursing responsibilities have the expected outcome of improving client care. The other
options are more personally related to the nurseʹs role as a whole.
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. All nursing responsibilities have the expected outcome of improving client care. The other
options are more personally related to the nurseʹs role as a whole.
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-1: Explain why nurses need to be change agents.
Test Taking Tip: Look for patterns. The ʺimproving client careʺ option is the only one that specifically addresses client care.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 102
14) Why are nurses in a prime position to act as change agents?
1. Nurses are always acting in the clientʹs best interest.
2. Nurses are role models for positively reacting to change.
3. Nurses often function as intermediaries between other disciplines.
4. Nurses thrive on transitions and work best in such circumstances.
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1. Nurses are client advocates and as such often function as intermediaries between other
disciplines and the client. The other three options are difficult to prove about the nursing
profession.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Nurses are client advocates and as such often function as intermediaries between other
disciplines and the client. The other three options are difficult to prove about the nursing
profession.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Nurses are client advocates and as such often function as intermediaries between other
disciplines and the client. The other three options are difficult to prove about the nursing
profession.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Nurses are client advocates and as such often function as intermediaries between other
disciplines and the client. The other three options are difficult to prove about the nursing
profession.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-1: Explain why nurses need to be change agents.
Test Taking Tip: Look out for words such as ʺalwaysʺ or ʺnever.ʺ These are difficult to prove correct. The options ʺnurses
are role modelsʺ and ʺnurses thrive on transitionsʺ are trying to make universal statements about nursing
that just cannot be proven.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 103
15) Which are questions or statements a nurse involved in an organizational change might say? Select all that
apply.
1. What are the obstacles to implementing this change within the organization?
2. I would like to focus on completing this process so we can move on.
3. Are we including the opinions of all stakeholders in this decision?
4. Have we looked at all available data in order to make an informed decision?
5. I know nursing personnel will work diligently in understanding the need for change.
6. I think it does not really matter when we institute this change, as long as it is over quickly.
Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5
Explanation: 1. Each option involves a separate step of the change process. Questions about obstacles,
stakeholder opinions, and working to understand are correct because they appropriately use
the steps towards assessing and planning the change while showing support for it and those
involved. Focusing on completion and getting it completed quickly incorrectly show the
evaluation and implementation phases because evaluation continues long after the change is
completed and implementation timing is extremely important.
Nursing Process: Assessment thru evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Each option involves a separate step of the change process. Questions about obstacles,
stakeholder opinions, and working to understand are correct because they appropriately use
the steps towards assessing and planning the change while showing support for it and those
involved. Focusing on completion and getting it completed quickly incorrectly show the
evaluation and implementation phases because evaluation continues long after the change is
completed and implementation timing is extremely important.
Nursing Process: Assessment thru evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Each option involves a separate step of the change process. Questions about obstacles,
stakeholder opinions, and working to understand are correct because they appropriately use
the steps towards assessing and planning the change while showing support for it and those
involved. Focusing on completion and getting it completed quickly incorrectly show the
evaluation and implementation phases because evaluation continues long after the change is
completed and implementation timing is extremely important.
Nursing Process: Assessment thru evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Each option involves a separate step of the change process. Questions about obstacles,
stakeholder opinions, and working to understand are correct because they appropriately use
the steps towards assessing and planning the change while showing support for it and those
involved. Focusing on completion and getting it completed quickly incorrectly show the
evaluation and implementation phases because evaluation continues long after the change is
completed and implementation timing is extremely important.
Nursing Process: Assessment thru evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
5. Each option involves a separate step of the change process. Questions about obstacles,
stakeholder opinions, and working to understand are correct because they appropriately use
the steps towards assessing and planning the change while showing support for it and those
involved. Focusing on completion and getting it completed quickly incorrectly show the
evaluation and implementation phases because evaluation continues long after the change is
completed and implementation timing is extremely important.
Nursing Process: Assessment thru evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 104
6. Each option involves a separate step of the change process. Questions about obstacles,
stakeholder opinions, and working to understand are correct because they appropriately use
the steps towards assessing and planning the change while showing support for it and those
involved. Focusing on completion and getting it completed quickly incorrectly show the
evaluation and implementation phases because evaluation continues long after the change is
completed and implementation timing is extremely important.
Nursing Process: Assessment thru evaluation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-3: Discuss how the change process is similar to the nursing process.
Test Taking Tip: Think about each step to determine if it is being done correctly.
16) Which indicates an integral part of implementing a change?
1. Providing information and giving support for those undergoing the change
2. Ensuring there are no remaining pockets of disagreement when the change occurs
3. Pulling individuals who are not persuaded into a talk about the benefits of the change
4. Continually rewarding those working toward the change and ignoring those who are not
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Providing information and giving support on an ongoing basis makes the greatest difference in
successful change implementation. Ensuring no disagreement and talking with those in
disagreement are incorrect because there may still be those in disagreement when the change
occurs, and each individual does not necessarily need ʺa talk.ʺ Rewarding those working
toward the change is incorrect because this is not supporting everyone undergoing the change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Providing information and giving support on an ongoing basis makes the greatest difference in
successful change implementation. Ensuring no disagreement and talking with those in
disagreement are incorrect because there may still be those in disagreement when the change
occurs, and each individual does not necessarily need ʺa talk.ʺ Rewarding those working
toward the change is incorrect because this is not supporting everyone undergoing the change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Providing information and giving support on an ongoing basis makes the greatest difference in
successful change implementation. Ensuring no disagreement and talking with those in
disagreement are incorrect because there may still be those in disagreement when the change
occurs, and each individual does not necessarily need ʺa talk.ʺ Rewarding those working
toward the change is incorrect because this is not supporting everyone undergoing the change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Providing information and giving support on an ongoing basis makes the greatest difference in
successful change implementation. Ensuring no disagreement and talking with those in
disagreement are incorrect because there may still be those in disagreement when the change
occurs, and each individual does not necessarily need ʺa talk.ʺ Rewarding those working
toward the change is incorrect because this is not supporting everyone undergoing the change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-3: Discuss how the change process is similar to the nursing process.
Test Taking Tip: Think of the outcome of each option and choose the one most likely to address the situation.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 105
17) Which change strategy is most appropriate when administration needs cooperation from all parties involved in
the change?
1. Empirical-rational
2. Power-coercive
3. Empirical-reeducative
4. Normative-reeducative
Answer: 4
Explanation: 1. Normative-reeducative requires collaboration and ʺbuy-inʺ from all parties affected by the
change. The first two options are not correct as they use expert power or legitimate authority
respectively to cause the change to occur. Empirical-reeducative is incorrect as there is no such
strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Normative-reeducative requires collaboration and ʺbuy-inʺ from all parties affected by the
change. The first two options are not correct as they use expert power or legitimate authority
respectively to cause the change to occur. Empirical-reeducative is incorrect as there is no such
strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Normative-reeducative requires collaboration and ʺbuy-inʺ from all parties affected by the
change. The first two options are not correct as they use expert power or legitimate authority
respectively to cause the change to occur. Empirical-reeducative is incorrect as there is no such
strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Normative-reeducative requires collaboration and ʺbuy-inʺ from all parties affected by the
change. The first two options are not correct as they use expert power or legitimate authority
respectively to cause the change to occur. Empirical-reeducative is incorrect as there is no such
strategy.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-4: Differentiate among change strategies.
Test Taking Tip: Be alert for options that are made up and therefore not applicable.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 106
18) Which are roles a manager might undertake when a change is necessary? Select all that apply.
1. Discussion leader
2. Support person
3. Fact manager
4. Liaison
5. Disciplinarian
6. Data collector
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Explanation: 1. As the overall change process progresses, it may be necessary for the manager to function in
each role.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. As the overall change process progresses, it may be necessary for the manager to function in
each role.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. As the overall change process progresses, it may be necessary for the manager to function in
each role.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. As the overall change process progresses, it may be necessary for the manager to function in
each role.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
5. As the overall change process progresses, it may be necessary for the manager to function in
each role.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
6. As the overall change process progresses, it may be necessary for the manager to function in
each role.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-5: Describe the managerʹs role in change.
Test Taking Tip: Think about each option and decide if there is a time that a manager might need to undertake that role.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 107
19) Which is the most important role in which a manager should function during a necessary change?
1. Information giver
2. Power player
3. Process coordinator
4. Energy booster
Answer: 3
Explanation: 1. The manager must oversee and coordinate every stage in the change process. This means this
person is the information giver, the power player when necessary, and the energy booster as
well.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. The manager must oversee and coordinate every stage in the change process. This means this
person is the information giver, the power player when necessary, and the energy booster as
well.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. The manager must oversee and coordinate every stage in the change process. This means this
person is the information giver, the power player when necessary, and the energy booster as
well.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. The manager must oversee and coordinate every stage in the change process. This means this
person is the information giver, the power player when necessary, and the energy booster as
well.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-5: Describe the managerʹs role in change.
Test Taking Tip: Look for options that encompass the other options. The broader option is usually best if it covers the
remaining options.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 108
20) Which statement indicates a need for further training?
1. ʺAs we go through this process, I think I need to be flexible but persistent.ʺ
2. ʺI must not get so bogged down in details that I lose focus on the ultimate goal.ʺ
3. ʺThose who are resistant will probably accept it sooner or later with my support.ʺ
4. ʺI think the implementation will go much better if I stay available the whole time.ʺ
Answer: 4
Explanation: 1. Staying available the whole time will make it difficult for the change agent to keep up the
energy it will take to make the change more successful. Being flexible but persistent, staying
out of the details, and supporting the resisters are correct statements about roles or attitudes
about the change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Analysis
2. Staying available the whole time will make it difficult for the change agent to keep up the
energy it will take to make the change more successful. Being flexible but persistent, staying
out of the details, and supporting the resisters are correct statements about roles or attitudes
about the change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Analysis
3. Staying available the whole time will make it difficult for the change agent to keep up the
energy it will take to make the change more successful. Being flexible but persistent, staying
out of the details, and supporting the resisters are correct statements about roles or attitudes
about the change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Analysis
4. Staying available the whole time will make it difficult for the change agent to keep up the
energy it will take to make the change more successful. Being flexible but persistent, staying
out of the details, and supporting the resisters are correct statements about roles or attitudes
about the change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 5-5: Describe the managerʹs role in change.
Test Taking Tip: Remember words such as ʺneed further trainingʺ indicate the correct option is the wrong statement.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 109
21) Which statement indicates the nurse manager needs further assistance in learning about the change process?
1. ʺResistance to change is never a positive part of the change process.ʺ
2. ʺI know some people will resist but with support they will come around.ʺ
3. ʺFor those resisting this necessary change, assisting in the process will help.ʺ
4. ʺIf colleagues help each other, the resistance will lessen over time.ʺ
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Resistance to change usually indicates the change is significant enough that those affected by it
realize its significance. If handled well, the resistance can be an important impetus to the
change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
2. Resistance to change usually indicates the change is significant enough that those affected by it
realize its significance. If handled well, the resistance can be an important impetus to the
change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
3. Resistance to change usually indicates the change is significant enough that those affected by it
realize its significance. If handled well, the resistance can be an important impetus to the
change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Resistance to change usually indicates the change is significant enough that those affected by it
realize its significance. If handled well, the resistance can be an important impetus to the
change process.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 5-6: Discuss how to handle resistance to change.
Test Taking Tip: Be careful of the words ʺneverʺ and ʺalwaysʺ as they are rarely correct statements.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 110
22) Which is the most important reason resistance to change must be addressed?
1. Resistance can negatively impact future client care.
2. Resistance from the late majority can keep others from accepting the change.
3. Resistance will keep the change from occurring at all.
4. Resistance allows others to take power from managers.
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. Client care is always the most important reason why nurses do what they do. If the change is
not for improved client care in some respect, is it worth the effort? Resistance from the late
majority is incorrect because the late majority will eventually accept the change. Keeping the
change from occurring at all is incorrect because it is the managerʹs responsibility to ensure the
resistance does not completely stall the change process. Taking power is incorrect as the nurse
manager must not allow resisters to have the power.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
2. Client care is always the most important reason why nurses do what they do. If the change is
not for improved client care in some respect, is it worth the effort? Resistance from the late
majority is incorrect because the late majority will eventually accept the change. Keeping the
change from occurring at all is incorrect because it is the managerʹs responsibility to ensure the
resistance does not completely stall the change process. Taking power is incorrect as the nurse
manager must not allow resisters to have the power.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
3. Client care is always the most important reason why nurses do what they do. If the change is
not for improved client care in some respect, is it worth the effort? Resistance from the late
majority is incorrect because the late majority will eventually accept the change. Keeping the
change from occurring at all is incorrect because it is the managerʹs responsibility to ensure the
resistance does not completely stall the change process. Taking power is incorrect as the nurse
manager must not allow resisters to have the power.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Client care is always the most important reason why nurses do what they do. If the change is
not for improved client care in some respect, is it worth the effort? Resistance from the late
majority is incorrect because the late majority will eventually accept the change. Keeping the
change from occurring at all is incorrect because it is the managerʹs responsibility to ensure the
resistance does not completely stall the change process. Taking power is incorrect as the nurse
manager must not allow resisters to have the power.
Nursing Process: Assessment
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 5-6: Discuss how to handle resistance to change.
Test Taking Tip: Think of the outcome of each statement and determine which is the most important.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 111
23) Which indicates the priority nursing diagnosis for handling a change made difficult by laggards or rejecters?
1. Knowledge Deficit related to lack of willingness to discuss planned change
2. Noncompliance related to lack of willingness to comply with new policy
3. Social Isolation related to antagonistic behavior when change discussed
4. Risk for Role Performance Alteration related to antagonistic behavior
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Noncompliance is correct because noncompliance may affect client care outcomes. Knowledge
Deficit and Social Isolation are less likely to specifically affect client care. Risk for Role
Performance Alteration indicates a ʺrisk for,ʺ which means it is only a potential problem.
Diagnosis
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Noncompliance is correct because noncompliance may affect client care outcomes. Knowledge
Deficit and Social Isolation are less likely to specifically affect client care. Risk for Role
Performance Alteration indicates a ʺrisk for,ʺ which means it is only a potential problem.
Diagnosis
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Noncompliance is correct because noncompliance may affect client care outcomes. Knowledge
Deficit and Social Isolation are less likely to specifically affect client care. Risk for Role
Performance Alteration indicates a ʺrisk for,ʺ which means it is only a potential problem.
Diagnosis
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Noncompliance is correct because noncompliance may affect client care outcomes. Knowledge
Deficit and Social Isolation are less likely to specifically affect client care. Risk for Role
Performance Alteration indicates a ʺrisk for,ʺ which means it is only a potential problem.
Diagnosis
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-6: Discuss how to handle resistance to change.
Test Taking Tip: Always place a real problem ahead of a potential problem when prioritizing.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 112
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