Delivering Health Care in America 6th Ed By Leiyu Shi – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 5: Medical Technology

Multiple-Choice Questions

At a fundamental level, medical technology deals with 

production of new equipment to provide more advanced health care.

the application of scientific knowledge for improving health and creating efficiencies.

using discoveries made in basic sciences to deliver health care.

new drugs, devices, and biologics.

What is the main advantage of interoperability within an electronic health records (EHR) system?

Information can be transmitted over the Internet.

Information can be safeguarded.

Information can be coordinated with clinical practice guidelines.

Information can be shared between physicians, pharmacists, and hospitals.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requires

large health care organizations to switch to electronic health records.

protection of personal health information.

nondisclosure of personal health information.

nontransmittal of individual health information over the Internet.

Telemedicine technology that allows a specialist located at a distance to directly interview and examine a patient is referred to as

telehealth

simultaneous

analogous

synchronous

The asynchronous form of telemedicine uses _____ technology.

store-and-forward

access-when-needed

delayed-access

forward-and-retrieve

The expectations that Americans have about what medical technology can do to cure illness is based on

the technological imperative

cultural beliefs and values

a higher rate of technology diffusion in the US compared to other countries

medical specialization

What is the main intent of the Stark laws?

Require that personal health information be kept confidential

Require demonstration of cost-efficiency of new technology

Prohibit self-referral by physicians to facilities in which they have an ownership interest

Disclosure of potential harm from a procedure or device

Supply-side rationing.

Curtailment in governing funding for medical research

Managed care

Curtailment in payments for new technology

Central planning

Certain allergy medications containing pseudoephedrine are available without prescription, but must be kept behind the pharmacy counter and sold only in limited quantities upon verification of a person’s identity.

Food and Drugs Act, 1906

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1938

Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962

Patriot Act 2006

The FDA was given the authority to review the effectiveness and safety of a new drug before it could be marketed.

Food and Drugs Act, 1906

Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992

Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1938

This law was criticized for slowing down the introduction of new drugs.

Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992

Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962

Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 1997

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1938

This law provided incentives for pharmaceutical firms to develop new drugs for health problems that affected a relatively small number of people.

Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992

Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962

Orphan Drug Act, 1983

Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 1997

This made additional resources available to the FDA, and resulted in a shortened approval process for new drugs.

Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, 1962

Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act, 1997

Orphan Drug Act, 1983

Prescription Drug User Fee Act, 1992

The most stringent requirements of premarket approval regarding safety and effectiveness apply to _____ devices

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

The Safe Medical Devices Act, 1990 requires 

that injuries, illness, or death from any device be reported.

premarket approval of devices.

safety testing of devices before and after they have been marketed

that all problems and potential problems be reported to the FDA.

What was the purpose of certificate of need (CON) laws.

Monitor the diffusion of new technology.

Control the flow of federal funds for private projects

Control new health service programs

Control new construction and modernization projects

Which department of the DHHS supports research on health care quality, cost, and access?

National Institutes of Health

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Institute of Medicine

American Health Quality Assocation

What is the main function of the National Institutes of Health?

Conduct and support research on health care quality, cost, and access

Establish medical subspecialties in US medical schools

Provide specialized training for medical specialists

Conduct and support biomedical research

Which of the following has the greatest impact on system-wide health care costs?

Purchase price of new technology

Utilization of technology once it becomes available

Increased hospitalizations due to overuse of technology

Training costs associated with new technology

Evaluation of the appropriateness of medical technology.

Cost-effectiveness

Health technology assessment

Clinical trial

Efficacy

In technology assessment, what role do clinical trials play?

They are used for experimentation with potentially useful drugs

They are used for establishing the rights of participants

They are used for determining cost-effectiveness

They are used for evaluating efficacy and safety

What is the role of an institutional review board (IRB)?

Establish guidelines for the method of conducting research

Verify the results of clinical trials

Approve and monitor research that involves human subjects

All of the above

Without the information on _____, it is almost impossible to know a technology’s usefulness.

Quality

Cost-efficiency

Cost-benefit

Efficacy

Cost-efficiency evaluates marginal benefits in relation to

marginal safety

marginal costs

flat of the curve

outcomes

Generally, at the start of medical treatment

benefits exceed costs

cost-efficiency is minimum

costs exceed benefits

safety is not a major concern

The point at which marginal benefits equal marginal costs.

Flat of the curve

Minimum cost-efficiency

Optimum point

Equal intensity

At the flat of the curve,

marginal benefits are zero

marginal costs are the highest

additional medical treatment is harmful

maximum cost-efficiency is achieved

Health technology assessment in the US is conducted primarily by

various government agencies

the NIH

the FDA

the private sector

What is the main application of quality-adjusted life years?

They are used as a measure of health benefits

They are used to determine how long on an average a person is likely to live if a given technology is indicated for a health condition

They are used to evaluate the ethical dimension of technology

They are used as indicators of the economic worth of technology

Benchmarking of HTA organizations should be linked with

cost effectiveness of medical technology

coordination of HTA efforts across various organizations

standardization of HTA methods

evaluation of economic worth

(Answers: 1b, 2d, 3b, 4d, 5a, 6b, 7c, 8d, 9d, 10c, 11b, 12c, 13d, 14c, 15a, 16d, 17b, 18d, 19b, 20b, 21d, 22c, 23d, 24b, 25a, 26c, 27a, 28d, 29a, 30c)

True or False

The term e-health applies only to the electronic delivery of health care by qualified health care professionals.

The United States controls the diffusion of medical technology through central planning.

American beliefs and values favor the development and use of new medical technology despite its cost.

In the US, both patients and practitioners generally equate high-quality care with high-intensity care.

Managed care has been found to limit useful technology, leading to negative health outcomes.

The ACA of 2010 has provisions to allow the development of generic-like versions of biologics.

All technological innovations used in the delivery of medical care increase costs.

Thanks to technology, HIV/AIDS has become a chronic disease.

The utilization of technology has a greater impact on total health care expenditures than the cost of acquiring technology.

Technology has been credited with the overall reduction in the average length of inpatient hospital stays.

The ACA of 2010 imposes an excise tax on the sale of certain medical devices.

Decision making based on cost effectiveness about the use of medical technology is more prevalent in the US than in other industrialized countries.

(Answers: 1-false, 2-false, 3-true, 4-true, 5-false, 6-true, 7-false, 8-true, 9-true, 10-true, 11-true, 12-false)