Communication Sciences and Disorders A Clinical Evidence 3rd Edition by Laura M. Justice – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 2 Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

The knowledge and implicit awareness that speakers of language possess and utilize to communicate effectively in language is called:

lexical competence 

phonological competence 

communicative competence 

sociolinguistic competence 

The ability to recognize and produce the conventional words used by speakers of a language is called:

a.    lexical competence 

b.    phonological competence 

c.    discourse competence 

d.    sociolinguistic competence

Infants’ ability to distinguish phonemic contrasts in other language besides their native language: 

Diminishes 

Increases in a linear pattern throughout life 

Diminishes while they are learning their native language, and then the ability returns to them 

Increases until puberty and then planes off 

Competence in producing individual phonemes depends upon: 

Gaining content knowledge first 

Development of the articulators 

The number of languages the individual is exposed to at birth 

How strong receptive phonological competence is 

Infants’ vocal tracts closely resemble: 

Adults’ vocal tracts, just smaller versions 

Their own parents’ vocal tracts only 

Non-human primates’ vocal tracts 

None of the above 

Individuals with ____________ competence understand that Bob is the recipient of Jim’s actions in the sentence “Jim is hitting Bob.” 

phonological 

interactional 

morphology 

grammatical

The statement “comprehension precedes production” holds true for which of these aspects of linguistic competence?

Phonological 

Grammatical

Lexical 

All of the above 

In terms of lexical competence, what is usually the first word that infants understand, at or around 4.5 months of age? 

Doggie 

Their own name 

Daddy 

Love

What is the unit of analysis for discourse competence?

speech event 

mean length utterance (MLU) 

phoneme 

vocabulary word 

Which is NOT a pragmatic aspect of communicative competence? 

Functional

Discourse

Cultural

Interactional

The variety of speech appropriate to a particular speech situation is called:

speech discourse 

speech lexicon 

speech content 

speech register

In comparison to the United Sates, the accepted standard for eye contact in Japan is: 

more eye contact 

less eye contact 

only children to have less eye contact 

only adults to have less eye contact 

When an infant uses ritualized gestures, like pointing, it is most likely an indicator of: 

metacognitive skills 

intentionality

pre-intentionality 

intersubjective awareness 

For optimal caregiver responsiveness, parents should: 

sit on the floor with their child 

kneel on the floor so that there is still some amount of authority 

lean away from their child so as to teach appropriate physical proximity during communication 

lay on the floor so that the child is higher than the parent 

Burping and coughing by infant are examples of:

verbalization 

canonical babbling 

sounds of distress 

reflexive sounds 

When a child flaps his or her arms to comment on a bird in the sky, this is an example of: 

non-symbolic gesture of play 

deictic gesture

symbolic gesture 

referential gesture 

On average, infants tend to utter their first “true” word at what age? 

6 month 

12 months 

18 month 

24 months

Which of these mispronunciations for “doggie,” if used consistently and meaningfully, is an example of a phonetically consistent form?

Oo-na 

doggie 

doddie 

dottie

Calculation of the MLU is a very common way to evaluate children’s language skills. What does MLU stand for?

morpheme language unit 

morpho-lexical unit 

mean length of utterance 

mean length utterance

Which statement is generally true of receptive and expressive lexicons at 18 months of age?

males have larger receptive and expressive lexicons

females have larger receptive and expressive lexicons

males have larger receptive lexicons, but smaller expressive lexicons

females have larger receptive lexicons, but smaller expressive lexicons

What is one area in which great improvement occurs during toddlerhood?

recognizing the sounds of one’s native language 

learning one’s first 50 words 

initiating and maintaining a conversation 

writing effective persuasive essays 

Which of the following phonemes is most likely the last to be acquired?

/m/ as in mop 

/o/ as in shop

/n/ as in not

/p/ as in pot

When a child says “tum” when trying to produce “thumb,” this is an example of a/an: 

underextension 

overextension

articulation disorder 

phonological process

What is one of the major developments in the preschool years related to decontextualized language?

participation in organizing functions 

conversational turn-taking

narrative skills 

mastery of nearly all phonemes

Which of these is an example of content development during the school-age years? understanding lexical ambiguity 

Understanding lexical ambiguity

persuasive writing

complex syntax 

functional flexibility

This describes children’s knowledge of the letters of the alphabet.

letter knowledge

alphabet knowledge

literacy knowledge

phonemic knowledge

Discourse development lies along a continuum, with ____________ language on one end and ____________ language on the other.

oral, literate

oral, written

decontextualized, contextualized

receptive, expressive

True/False Questions

If changing a consonant sound in the context of other sounds produces a change in meaning in one language of the world, then the same holds true for all languages.

One aspect of communicative competence is never using grammatically incorrect sentences.

When infants are first born, they have the capability to distinguish between the sounds of all the world’s languages.

Recognizing expressions of emotion is an indicator of cultural competence.

Some humans are born with communicative competence, while others develop communicative competence by exposure to environmental influences.

Joint attention is crucial for both verbal and nonverbal communication.

Children around the world achieve language milestones at roughly the same age but not in the same order.

Deaf babies and hearing babies born to profoundly deaf parents babble silently with their hands.

The first word that an infant utters that approximates an adult word is called the infant’s first “true” word.

The entrance into first grade coincides with the development of emergent literacy.

Short Answer Questions

Briefly describe some patterns of language acquisition and communicative development across the cultures of the world.

Describe the difference between the linguistic and pragmatic aspects of communicative competence (without detailing each individual aspect, e.g. phonological, sociolinguistic).

Discuss the difference between a phonological process and an articulation disorder. 

How do rituals of infancy relate to joint attention?

Discuss the role of the narrative in preschool language.

Distinguish between “learning to read” and “reading to learn.”

Essay Questions

Discuss at least two innate aspects of language and how these either diminish or increase with experience over time.

Many features of communication follow the rule that comprehension precedes production. Discuss this point as it relates to at least three aspects of communicative competence (e.g., phonological, lexical, grammatical).

Infants’ language development can be influenced by many environmental factors, including those within their own home. Discuss caregiver responsiveness and give a few “tips” to parents to best promote their child’s communicative competence.

Discuss the intentionality of communication, how it develops, and its importance to communicative competence.

Discuss decontextualized language, its functions, and its importance to success in the classroom.

Chapter 2 Answer Key

Multiple Choice Questions

C 

A 

A 

B 

C 

D 

D 

B 

A 

B

D 

B

B 

A 

D

D 

B 

A 

C 

B

C 

B 

D 

C 

A

B

A

True/False Questions

False 

False 

True 

True 

False 

True 

False 

True 

False 

False

Short Answer

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Essay Questions

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