Chapter 9 Life Span: Infancy Through Middle Adulthood

Chapter 9  Life Span: Infancy Through Middle Adulthood

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse is providing prenatal counseling for a couple who is trying to become pregnant. The priority for the nurse is to include which of the following information?
a)
Stages of growth and development of the fetus
b)
Recommended schedule of visits to her healthcare provider
c)
Recommended average weight gain during pregnancy
d)
Healthy eating habits before and during pregnancy

ANS: D
Maternal nutrition is vital to the healthy growth of the fetus. Poor maternal nutrition leads to an undergrown placenta. A small, poorly functioning placenta and smaller than normal umbilical cord is the cause for small-for-gestational age (otherwise known as small-for-dates) babies. The other options are all things the prospective mother needs to know, but they would not have an immediate impact on fetal health.

Difficulty: Moderate
Nursing Process: Planning
Client Need: HPM
Cognitive Level: Analysis

PTS: 1

2. According to Erikson, a behavior demonstrating an important psychosocial task for a toddler would be for the child to:
a)
Act defiantly by refusing to hold the mother’s hand while crossing the street
b)
Recognize it is wrong to take a toy away from someone else
c)
Be able to understand the concept of time in hours
d)
Express to his parents and playmates that he does not like something

ANS: A
The primary task during Erikson’s stage 2, Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt, is establishing an identity as separate from the parent/caregiver. A child between 18 months and 3 years typically tests the boundaries as part of exercising his will to control his environment. “No” is a declaration of independence and a bid for increased autonomy. Acts of independence and autonomy (e.g., refusing to hold the mother’s hand) are normal during this developmental stage. The toddler should be able to tolerate time away from her parents, delay gratification, and have elimination control. The other tasks are accomplished during the preschool stage.

Difficulty: Moderate
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need: HPM
Cognitive Level: Application

PTS: 1

3. A mother comes to the clinic with her 1-week-old infant for a newborn checkup. The mother tells the nurse, “My baby looks yellow to me.” The nurse’s best response is which of the following?
a)
“What type of detergent are you using to wash the baby’s clothes?”
b)
“Is there a possibility you had hepatitis during your pregnancy?”
c)
“The color is from the breakdown of maternal red blood cells.”
d)
“There is a cream you can use to reduce the yellowing.”

ANS: C
Jaundice results from the breakdown of the maternal red blood cells that are in the baby’s system after birth, which elevates the bilirubin in the serum. If detergent caused a reaction, the reaction would commonly present as a rash. Although hepatitis B virus may pass through the placenta to the fetus, the infant does not typically show signs at 1 week of life. If treatment becomes necessary, the infant would receive phototherapy; there is no cream to reduce the yellow appearance related to newborn jaundice.

Difficulty: Difficult
Nursing Process: Implementation
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Application

PTS: 1

4. A father brings his toddler to the clinic for well-child care. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to assess?
a)
How successful the child is with potty training
b)
How the child acts when you enter the room
c)
Whether the child is using eating utensils
d)
Whether the home is childproof

ANS: D
Although all of these areas address important developmental tasks during the toddler period, safety is the highest priority at this age because the child has increased dexterity, mobility, and determination, and is becoming more independent. Potty training is typically accomplished between 18 months and 3 years of age but is not a safety concern. It would be normal for a child at this age to be afraid of strangers. The child should be using utensils for most foods, but again it is not a safety concern.

Difficulty: Moderate
Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis

PTS: 1

5. Which comment made by a woman in her early 50s would be a cue indicating the need for further assessment for a problem?
a)
“My skin is so dry I need to use lotion every day after I bathe.”
b)
“I have episodes when I feel really hot even when others are not.”
c)
“It’s getting harder to lift those big bags of dog food.”
d)
“I have to write myself notes because I’m getting so forgetful.”

ANS: D
Memory in middle adulthood should remain intact. There is a normal decrease in skin moisture and muscle tone in middle adulthood. The perimenopausal period occurs during this time, hallmarked by hot flashes and night sweats.

Difficulty: Moderate
Nursing Process: Diagnosis
Client Need: PHSI
Cognitive Level: Analysis

PTS: 1