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Chapter 5 Initiating and Implementing Change
Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
Sample Questions
1) A new chairperson of the nursing department has been appointed and plans to institute new programs for
faculty development with a focus on innovative teaching strategies. According to Lewin, which is the first step
in initiating this plan?
1. Ask staff to assist in the development of a plan for implementing new teaching strategies.
2. Include the staff in actively participating in the identification of problems related to teaching strategies.
3. Implement interventions to improve the teaching strategies currently used.
4. Reinforce the efforts of faculty as they begin to use new teaching strategies.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. The first step is to unfreeze the existing equilibrium by asking staff to become a part of the
process of change, particularly in the first phase. Asking the staff to assist in developing a plan
is incorrect because the planning part of the process occurs after the problem areas have been
identified. Implementing interventions is incorrect because interventions cannot be made until
the problem has been identified and a plan has been developed. Reinforcing the efforts of
faculty is incorrect because reinforcement of new patterns of behavior is the last phase of
change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 90
2) The nursing supervisor identified ineffective communication as a problem among the managers. According to
Lippittʹs Phases of Change, which is the final stage of the improving this problem?
1. Develop the action and evaluation plan.
2. Determine the role of the change agent.
3. Communicate often to maintain the change.
4. Withdraw from the role of change agent gradually.
Answer: 4
Explanation: 1. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. According to Lippittʹs Phases of Change, the final stage is terminating the helping relationship.
Developing the action and evaluation plan is incorrect because an action and evaluation plan
are developed with the assistance of the change agent. Determining the role of the change
agent is incorrect because the role of the change agent must be determined early in the process
of change. Communicating often is incorrect because communication is vital throughout the
whole process of change.
Nursing Process: Implementation
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 91
3) The nurse manager is planning to initiate new policies in the department. According to Havelockʹs Model,
which behavior is characteristic of the moving stage?
1. Resources are acquired to facilitate change.
2. Solutions are identified to create change.
3. Relationships are formed among all participants.
4. Self-renewal among all participants occurs.
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. Choosing a solution and gaining acceptance occurs during the moving stage of change.
Acquiring resources is incorrect because acquiring resources and diagnosing the problem occur
during the unfreezing stage. Forming relationships is incorrect because building relationships
occurs during the unfreezing stage. Self-renewal is incorrect because self-renewal and
stabilization occur during the final or refreezing stage of change.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 92
4) A new IV pump has just been purchased by the facility. According to Rogers, which is the first step in
introducing this new pump to the staff?
1. Introducing the decision-making unit to the innovation
2. Seeking reinforcement that the decision to make an innovation is correct
3. Deciding to adopt or reject the innovation
4. Forming a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the innovation
Answer: 1
Explanation: 1. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
2. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
3. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
4. The first step of the diffusion of innovation occurs when the decision-making unit is
introduced to the innovation and knowledge is gained. Seeking reinforcement is incorrect
because seeking reinforcement or confirmation that the decision to make an innovation is
appropriate is the final step. Deciding to adopt or reject is incorrect because the decision to
adopt or reject an innovation occurs after the knowledge and persuasion steps. Forming a
favorable or unfavorable attitude is incorrect because the second step involves persuasion,
which occurs when a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward an innovation forms.
Nursing Process: Planning
Category of Client Need: Safe, Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Learning Outcome: 5-2: Describe how different theorists explain change.
Test Taking Tip: Be prepared to apply theories in nursing situations.
Effective Leadership and Mgmt in Nursing , 7e (Sullivan) — CVC 12/3/08 — Page 93
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