Chapter 47 Immune System

Chapter 47  Immune System

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. How is active acquired immunity obtained?
a.
by antibodies produced by another human being or an animal
b.
by exposure to a disease itself or its vaccine
c.
by innate resistance to illnesses specific to other species
d.
by transmission of antibodies through fetal circulation

ANS: B
In active acquired immunity, a reaction usually occurs on the first contact with the organism. This reaction produces antibodies for this organism.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: White (2010)

2. A client has been cleaning window screens for the past 2 days and has now developed sneezing; thin, watery nasal discharge; and redness and itching of the eyes. Which type of allergic reaction should the nurse suspect?
a.
allergic rhinitis
c.
animal dander hypersensitivity
b.
anaphylaxis
d.
contact dermatitis

ANS: A
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) causes nasal congestion, sneezing, itching, and headache.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: White (2010)

3. The nurse is caring for a client who is having an anaphylactic reaction. Which of these medications does the nurse know is usually administered FIRST to a client who has an anaphylactic reaction?
a.
aminophylline
c.
dopamine hydrochloride
b.
ampicillin
d.
epinephrine

ANS: D
Medical management of clients who have anaphylactic reactions involves life-supporting treatment measures (e.g., maintaining airway and administering intravenous fluids and medications such as epinephrine, antihistamines, vasopressors, and bronchodilators).

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: White (2010)

4. The nurse is caring for a client who just had an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). The client suddenly develops severe urticaria, angioedema, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Which of these actions should the nurse take first?
a.
Administer epinephrine subcutaneously.
b.
Maintain the airway and administer oxygen via mask.
c.
Notify the health care provider for medication orders.
d.
Start an IV line of D5W.

ANS: A
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening type I systemic reaction to allergens. Clients who are extremely sensitive to a particular allergen (e.g., shellfish, chocolate, antibiotics) suddenly develop symptoms such as flushing, nasal and throat congestion, and severe dyspnea, which can lead to respiratory failure, severe hypotension, and death. Medical management of clients who have anaphylactic reactions involves life-supporting treatment measures. Administering epinephrine subcutaneously will decrease the client’s response and open the airway.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: White (2010)

5. A client who has previously required blood transfusions is admitted for another transfusion. Four hours after a unit of blood infuses, the client develops fever, chills, nausea, and headache. The nurse should suspect the client is experiencing which type of transfusion reaction?
a.
acute hemolytic
c.
delayed hemolytic
b.
allergic urticarial
d.
febrile nonhemolytic

ANS: D
Reactions can be classified as febrile nonhemolytic, allergic urticarial, delayed hemolytic, acute hemolytic, or anaphylactic. The most common is the febrile nonhemolytic reaction, which occurs in people who have had previous blood transfusions; symptoms include fever, chills, nausea, headache, hypotension, and respiratory problems.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: White (2010)