Chapter 41 Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Chapter 41  Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A diagnosis of respiratory failure can be made if which of the following are present?
1. PaO2 55 mm Hg, FIO2 0.21, PB 760 mm Hg
2. PaCO2 57 mm Hg, FIO2 0.21, PB 760 mm Hg
3. P(A−a)O2 45 mm Hg, FIO2 1.0, PB 760 mm Hg
4. PaO2/FIO2 400, PB 750 mm Hg
a.
1 and 2
b.
1, 3, and 4
c.
3 and 4
d.
1, 2, 3, and 4

ANS: A
Criteria for respiratory failure based on arterial blood gases have been established by Campbell and generally define failure as a PaO2 (arterial partial pressure of oxygen) less than 60 mm Hg and/or a PaCO2 (alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide) greater than 50 mm Hg in otherwise healthy individuals breathing room air at sea level.

DIF: Application REF: p. 990 OBJ: 1

2. What is respiratory failure due to inadequate ventilation?
a.
hypoxemic
b.
hypercapnic
c.
compensated
d.
chronic

ANS: B
Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure describes “bellows failure” of the lungs resulting in elevated carbon dioxide levels.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 990 OBJ: 2

3. Hypercapnic (type II) respiratory failure is a synonym for which one of the following terms?
a.
mismatching
b.
shunt
c.
diffusion impairment
d.
ventilatory failure

ANS: D
Hypercapnic respiratory failure is also known as ventilatory failure.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 990 OBJ: 2

4. Hypoxemia can be caused by which of the following?
1. diffusion impairment
2. alveolar hypoventilation
3. mismatch
4. intrapulmonary shunting
a.
1, 2, and 3
b.
1, 3, and 4
c.
1, 2, 3, and 4
d.
2, 3, and 4

ANS: C
Hypoxemia can be caused by mismatch, shunt, alveolar hypoventilation, diffusion impairment, perfusion impairment, decreased inspired oxygen, and venous admixture.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 1003 OBJ: 2

5. Which of the following best describes the difference between mismatch and shunt when supplemental oxygen is administered?
a.
Both will respond equally well.
b.
mismatch will respond well but shunt will not.
c.
mismatch will not respond but shunt will respond well.
d.
Neither will respond to the administration of supplemental oxygen.

ANS: B
mismatch will respond to supplemental oxygen.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 991 OBJ: 2