Chapter 39 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Chapter 39  Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

1.
Which body fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of the total body water?
A)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
B)
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
C)
Intravascular fluid
D)
Interstitial fluid
Ans:
B

Feedback:

Intracellular fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of total body fluid. Extracellular fluid is all fluid outside the cells and includes intravascular and interstitial fluids.

2.
Based on knowledge of total body fluids, a nurse is especially watchful for a fluid volume deficit in an infant. Why would the nurse do this?
A)
Infants have less total body fluid and ECF than adults.
B)
Infants have more total body fluid and ECF than adults.
C)
Infants drink less fluid than adults.
D)
Infants lose more fluids through output than adults.
Ans:
B

Feedback:

An infant has considerably more total body fluid and ECF than an adult does. Because ECF is more easily lost from the body than ICF, infants are more prone to fluid volume deficits.

3.
What is the average adult fluid intake and loss in each 24 hours?
A)
500 to 1,000 mL
B)
1,000 to 1,500 mL
C)
1,500 to 2,000 mL
D)
1,500 to 3500 mL
Ans:
D

Feedback:

The desirable amount of fluid intake and loss in adults ranges from 1,500 to 3,500 mL each 24 hours, with most people averaging 2,500 to 2,600 mL per day.

4.
A nurse monitoring the intake and output of fluids for a client with severe diarrhea knows that normally how much body fluid is lost via the gastrointestinal tract?
A)
300 mL
B)
1,000 mL
C)
1,300 mL
D)
2,600 mL
Ans:
A

Feedback:

Generally, fluid intake averages 2,600 mL per day, with approximately 1,300 mL coming from ingested water, 1,000 mL coming from ingested food, and 300 mL from metabolic oxidation.

5.
A nurse reads the laboratory report and notes that the client has hyponatremia. What physical assessment should be made?
A)
Observe skin color and texture.
B)
Auscultate bowel sounds.
C)
Percuss lung density.
D)
Monitor for GI symptoms.
Ans:
D

Feedback:

Hyponatremia is an ECF sodium deficit, resulting in osmotic pressure changes as ECF moves into the cells. When this occurs, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting may occur; the nurse should monitor for these symptoms. Skin color and texture, bowel sounds, and lung density are not affected with hypernatremia.