Chapter 38 Sensation, Perception, And Cognition

Chapter 38  Sensation, Perception, And Cognition

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse is assessing a client’s sensation and perception. The part of the brain that maintains equilibrium and smooth muscle functioning is the:
a.
cerebrum.
c.
brain stem.
b.
cerebellum.
d.
pons.

ANS: B
The cerebellum controls unconscious functions and is responsible for smooth-muscle function and maintaining equilibrium. The cerebrum is responsible for thinking, memory, learning, and motor function. The brain stem affects vital functions such as heart rate, respirations, swallowing, and coughing. The pons is a structure within the brain stem.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 38-1 Structures and Functions of the Brain

2. The nurse realizes that the function not performed by the brain stem would be:
a.
connects the upper and lower levels of the CNS.
b.
controls vital functions such as heart rate and breathing.
c.
prevents coma by maintaining wakefulness.
d.
helps control motor functions.

ANS: D
The brain stem connects the upper and lower levels of the central nervous system. The brain stem controls vital functions such as heart rate and breathing. The brain stem prevents coma by maintaining wakefulness. The cerebrum controls motor functions.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 38-1 Structures and Functions of the Brain

3. The nurse would identify which of the following clients as having the LEAST SERIOUS cognitive impairment? The client who:
a.
does not know what year it is.
c.
does not know who she is.
b.
does not know where she is.
d.
does not know who her husband is.

ANS: A
Disorientation is a mentally confused state in which the person’s awareness of time, place, self, or situation is impaired. The client who does not know the year would have the least serious cognitive impairment. The person who does not know where she is would have the second serious cognitive impairment. The person who does not know who she is or who her husband is would have the most serious cognitive impairment.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations

4. The client is unable to recall his wedding, which took place 50 years ago. The nurse realizes this client demonstrating which type of memory loss?
a.
Remote memory
c.
Immediate memory
b.
Recent memory
d.
Spontaneous memory

ANS: A
Remote memory is the retention of experiences that occurred during earlier periods of life such as a wedding 50 years ago. Immediate memory is the retention of information for a short period of time such as recalling a telephone number long enough to dial it. Recent memory is the recall of events that occurred over the last 24 hours. Spontaneous is not a type of memory.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Memory

5. A client who is receiving a narcotic analgesic for pain sees shadows from the Venetian blinds and tells the nurse there are snakes on the wall. The nurse knows this client is experiencing a(n):
a.
hallucination.
c.
disturbance in affect.
b.
illusion.
d.
disturbance in judgment.

ANS: B
An illusion is an inaccurate perception or misinterpretation of sensory stimuli. A hallucination is a sensory perception that occurs in the absence of external stimuli and is not based on reality. A disturbance in affect would be a change in mood or feeling. A disturbance in judgment would be the inability to compare or evaluate alternatives to life situations and arrive at an appropriate course of action.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Components of Cognition