Chapter 31 Renal Failure

Chapter 31  Renal Failure

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

1.
An elderly male patient in the ICU is diagnosed with acute kidney injury. This patient demonstrates a decreased glomerular filtration rate and lowered urine sodium concentration, as well as increased BUN and serum creatinine levels. The nurse observes that the patient takes several minutes to empty his bladder when he uses the bathroom. His blood pressure and blood glucose levels are normal. What should the nurse suspect as the cause of this patient’s acute kidney injury?
A)
Tubular necrosis as a result of accumulation of radiocontrast dye in the renal tubular cells
B)
Obstruction of the flow of urine due to benign prostatic hypertrophy
C)
Lack of perfusion due to congestive heart failure
D)
Hypotension due to systemic inflammatory response to sepsis

2.
A patient develops toxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) as a result of exposure to a radiocontrast dye. Which of the following should the nurse most expect to observe in this patient as this condition progresses beyond the onset phase?
A)
Normal potassium levels
B)
Duration of 7 to 14 days
C)
Normal urine concentrating function
D)
Normal urine volume

3.
A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) demonstrates blue mottling of the skin in her fingers. What other finding would tend to indicate that the cause of this condition is intrarenal?
A)
Distended bladder
B)
Edema
C)
Strep throat infection
D)
Kinked Foley catheter

4.
A patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) demonstrates oliguria, a urine osmolality of 550 mOsm/kg H2O, increased urine specific gravity, urine sodium of 15 mEq/L, and a BUN:creatinine ratio of 23:1. Which of the following is a cause of AKI that would best fit with these findings?
A)
Congestive heart failure
B)
Nephrotoxicity due to aminoglycoside antibiotics
C)
Hypertension
D)
Retroperitoneal tumor

5.
A patient is concerned about her steadily worsening chronic kidney disease and asks the nurse at what point she will require dialysis or renal transplantation. Which of the following should the nurse mention?
A)
When your urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is greater than 25 mg/g
B)
When your urine output is less than 0.5 mL/kg/h × 6 h
C)
When your glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 15 mL/min/1.73 m2
D)
When your urine osmolality is greater than 500 mOsm/kg H2O

Answer Key

1.
B
2.
D
3.
C
4.
A
5.
C