Chapter 31 Diuretics, Kidney Diseases

Chapter 31  Diuretics, Kidney Diseases

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

37. In a patient with chronic excess aldosterone secretion (i.e., primary aldosteronism), you would expect to find which one of the following sets of conditions (compared with normal) under steady-state conditions, assuming that intake of electrolytes remained constant?
Arterial Urine K+ Plasma K+ Plasma Urine Na+
Pressure Excretion Conc. Renin Excretion
Rate Conc. Rate
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

ANS: B

38. Which one of the following sets of changes, compared with normal, would you expect to find in a patient with diabetes insipidus due to lack of ADH secretion and who has free access to plenty of water to drink?
Plasma Plasma Na+ Plasma Urine Water
Osmolarity Conc. Protein Conc. Volume Intake
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

ANS: C

39. Potassium secretion:
A. Increases during acute acidosis
B. Increases markedly when sodium intake is increased
C. Is decreased by aldosterone
D. Is decreased when plasma potassium concentration is increased
E. Is increased when tubular sodium delivery to the collecting tubule is increased
F. None of the above

ANS: E

40. A patient has the following laboratory values:
Arterial pH = 7.55
Plasma HCO3- = 40 mEq/L
Plasma chloride concentration = 101 mEq/L
Arterial pCO2 = 48 mmHg
Plasma sodium = 150 mEq/L

What is the most likely cause for his abnormal acid-base status?
A. Abnormal lung function (e.g., pneumonia)
B. Excessive aldosterone secretion
C. Impaired renal tubular HCO3- reabsorption
D. Chronic renal failure
E. Diarrhea

ANS: B

41. Which of the following diuretics inhibits NaCl co-transport in the distal tubules as its primary action?
A. Thiazide diuretic
B. Furosemide
C. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
D. Osmotic diuretic
E. Amiloride
F. Spironolactone

ANS: A