Chapter 28 Caring for the Child With a Neurological or Sensory Condition

Chapter 28  Caring for the Child With a Neurological or Sensory Condition

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The student nurse studying the neurological system learns that areas of gray matter are found deep in the brain. To determine damage to the basal ganglia, what will the nurse assess?
A.
Blood pressure
B.
Homeostasis
C.
Movement
D.
Sensory impulses

ANS: C
Areas of gray matter are found deep in the brain. These areas include the basal ganglia (affect movement), the hypothalamus (maintains homeostasis and regulates blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature), and the thalamus (processes sensory impulses and sends them to the cerebral cortex).

Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity
Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Difficulty: Easy

PTS: 1

2. The pediatric nurse explains to the parents of a comatose child that which structure controls the child’s level of consciousness?
A.
Basal ganglia
B.
Brainstem
C.
Central nervous system
D.
Reticular activating system

ANS: D
Level of consciousness is controlled by the reticular activating system and the cerebral hemispheres of the brain. Cognitive cerebral function cannot occur without an active reticular activating system.

Cognitive Level: Comprehension/Understanding
Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity
Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Difficulty: Moderate

PTS: 1

3. The pediatric nurse carefully monitors a patient’s status by assessing the child’s level of consciousness. The nurse understands that the Glasgow Coma Scale provides clues to which of the following?
A.
Encephalitis
B.
Irreversible coma
C.
Neurological impairment
D.
Neurological status

ANS: D
The child’s level of consciousness and the use of the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale, pupil response, and overall activity provide clues to the child’s neurological status

Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity
Patient Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
Difficulty: Easy

PTS: 1

4. The pediatric nurse caring for patients in a trauma center examines a patient who has increased intracranial pressure as a result of a motor vehicle crash. The nurse is aware that secondary brain injuries can result from which factor?
A.
Acidosis
B.
Ischemia
C.
Infections
D.
Reduced oxygen

ANS: B
Primary brain injury is irreversible, immediate, and can result from traumatic injuries (e.g., a blow to the head) or nontraumatic injuries (e.g., a tumor or infection). Secondary brain injuries include ischemia from hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypotension, acidosis, and reduced oxygen delivery.

Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity
Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
Difficulty: Moderate

PTS: 1

5. The pediatric nurse caring for a patient with encephalitis explains to the parents that the most common origin of encephalitis is which of the following?
A.
Bacterial
B.
Fungal
C.
Parasitic
D.
Viral

ANS: D
Encephalitis is usually viral in origin and occurs with an acute febrile illness that is characterized by cerebral edema and infection of surrounding meninges. Less common etiologies are fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections; exposure to toxins or drugs; and cancer.

Cognitive Level: Knowledge/Remembering
Content Area: Pediatrics/Maternity
Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
Difficulty: Easy

PTS: 1