Chapter 27 Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Chapter 27  Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

1.
A patient with worsening tachypnea and dyspnea has a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 190, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) of 15 mm Hg, and no indication of left atrial hypertension. Which of these findings indicates that the patient has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as opposed to just acute lung injury (ALI)?
A)
PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 190
B)
Bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray
C)
PAOP of 15 mm Hg
D)
No indication of left atrial hypertension

2.
A patient in the ICU was admitted about 24 hours ago with symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). He now demonstrates shortness of breath and a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute. His heart rate is 115 beats per minute. The nurse notes a bluish tinge in his fingertips. His chest x-ray shows patchy alveolar infiltrate. His body temperature is normal. Which stage of ARDS is this patient most likely in?
A)
Stage 1
B)
Stage 2
C)
Stage 3
D)
Stage 4

3.
A patient in the ICU with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complains of worsening dyspnea. Which of the following physiological changes associated with ARDS are most responsible for this patient’s impaired ventilation? Select all that apply.
A)
Decreased lung compliance
B)
Pulmonary hypertension
C)
Vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vascular bed
D)
Increased airway resistance
E)
Cyanosis
F)
Multisystem organ dysfunction

4.
A patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the ICU is receiving high-frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV). Which complication related to this intervention should the nurse be looking for?
A)
Volutrauma
B)
Pneumothorax
C)
Cyanosis
D)
Trapping of air in the alveoli

5.
Why must patients receiving high-frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) be sedated and paralyzed?
A)
HFOV tends to cause muscle spasms.
B)
HFOV is traumatic for many patients.
C)
HFOV is painful.
D)
With HFOV, oscillation will cease with any change in airway pressure.

Answer Key

1.
C
2.
D
3.
A, C
4.
B
5.
C