Chapter 26 Assessment of High Risk Pregnancy

Chapter 26  Assessment of High Risk Pregnancy

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A woman arrives at the clinic seeking confirmation that she is pregnant. The following information is obtained: She is 24 years old with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5. She admits to having used cocaine “several times” during the past year and occasionally drinks alcohol. Her blood pressure is 108/70 mm Hg. The family history is positive for diabetes mellitus and cancer. Her sister recently gave birth to an infant with a neural tube defect (NTD). Which characteristics places this client in a high-risk category?
a.
Blood pressure, age, BMI
b.
Drug and alcohol use, age, family history
c.
Family history, blood pressure (BP), BMI
d.
Family history, BMI, drug and alcohol abuse

ANS: D
The woman’s family history of an NTD, her low BMI, and her drug and alcohol use abuse are high risk factors of pregnancy. The woman’s BP is normal, and her age does not put her at risk. Her BMI is low and may indicate poor nutritional status, which is a high risk.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 633
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity

2. A 39-year-old primigravida woman believes that she is approximately 8 weeks pregnant, although she has had irregular menstrual periods all her life. She has a history of smoking approximately one pack of cigarettes a day; however, she tells the nurse that she is trying to cut down. Her laboratory data are within normal limits. What diagnostic technique would be useful at this time?
a.
Ultrasound examination
b.
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening
c.
Amniocentesis
d.
Nonstress test (NST)

ANS: A
An ultrasound examination could be performed to confirm the pregnancy and to determine the gestational age of the fetus. An MSAFP screening is performed at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation; therefore, it is too early in the woman’s pregnancy to perform this diagnostic test. An amniocentesis is performed if the MSAFP levels are abnormal or if fetal or maternal anomalies are detected. An NST is performed to assess fetal well-being in the third trimester.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 635
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. The nurse sees a woman for the first time when she is 30 weeks pregnant. The client has smoked throughout the pregnancy, and fundal height measurements now are suggestive of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the fetus. In addition to ultrasound to measure fetal size, what is another tool useful in confirming the diagnosis?
a.
Doppler blood flow analysis
b.
Contraction stress test (CST)
c.
Amniocentesis
d.
Daily fetal movement counts

ANS: A
Doppler blood flow analysis allows the examiner to study the blood flow noninvasively in the fetus and the placenta. It is a helpful tool in the management of high-risk pregnancies because of IUGR, diabetes mellitus, multiple fetuses, or preterm labor. Because of the potential risk of inducing labor and causing fetal distress, a CST is not performed on a woman whose fetus is preterm. Indications for an amniocentesis include diagnosis of genetic disorders or congenital anomalies, assessment of pulmonary maturity, and the diagnosis of fetal hemolytic disease, not IUGR. Fetal kick count monitoring is performed to monitor the fetus in pregnancies complicated by conditions that may affect fetal oxygenation. Although this may be a useful tool at some point later in this woman’s pregnancy, it is not used to diagnose IUGR.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 639
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment | Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. A 41-week pregnant multigravida arrives at the labor and delivery unit after a NST indicated that her fetus could be experiencing some difficulties in utero. Which diagnostic tool yields more detailed information about the condition of the fetus?
a.
Ultrasound for fetal anomalies
b.
Biophysical profile (BPP)
c.
MSAFP screening
d.
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)

ANS: B
Real-time ultrasound permits a detailed assessment of the physical and physiologic characteristics of the developing fetus and a cataloging of normal and abnormal biophysical responses to stimuli. The BPP is a noninvasive, dynamic assessment of a fetus that is based on acute and chronic markers of fetal disease. An ultrasound for fetal anomalies would most likely have occurred earlier in the pregnancy. It is too late in the pregnancy to perform an MSAFP. Furthermore, it does not provide information related to fetal well-being. Indications for PUBS include prenatal diagnosis or inherited blood disorders, karyotyping of malformed fetuses, detection of fetal infection, determination of the acid-base status of the fetus with IUGR, and assessment and treatment of isoimmunization and thrombocytopenia in the fetus.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 640
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment | Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. At 35 weeks of pregnancy, a woman experiences preterm labor. Although tocolytic medications are administered and she is placed on bed rest, she continues to experience regular uterine contractions and her cervix is beginning to dilate and efface. What is an important test for fetal well-being at this time?
a.
PUBS
b.
Ultrasound for fetal size
c.
Amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity
d.
NST

ANS: C
Amniocentesis is performed to assess fetal lung maturity in the event of a preterm birth. The fluid is examined to determine the lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio. Indications for PUBS include prenatal diagnosis or inherited blood disorders, karyotyping of malformed fetuses, detection of fetal infection, determination of the acid-base status of the fetus with IUGR, and assessment and treatment of isoimmunization and thrombocytopenia in the fetus. Determination of fetal size by ultrasound is typically performed during the second trimester and is not indicated in this scenario. An NST measures the fetal response to fetal movement in a noncontracting mother.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 642 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance