Chapter 25 The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

Chapter 25  The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

1. Which of the diagrams represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of a 2% solution of glucose (molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

ANS: B

2. Which of the diagrams represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes and osmolarities in a patient with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndrome (i.e., excessive secretion of ADH)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

ANS: B

3. Which of the diagrams shown above would represent the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of 4.0% dextrose (molecular weight of dextrose = 180 g/mol)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

ANS: B

4. A 22-year-old male runs a 10 km race on a 90 °F day. If he loses three liters of sweat and also drinks 3 liters of water during the race, which of the following changes would you expect, compared to normal, after absorption of the water?
Intracellular Intracellular Extracellular Extracellular
Volume Osmolarity Volume Osmolarity

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

ANS: B

5. A 60-year-old female patient appears to be dehydrated, with a hematocrit of 0.55 (55%) and a plasma protein concentration of 8.8 g percent (normal ~ 7.0). After obtaining a plasma sample, you find that she has hyponatremia, with a plasma sodium concentration of 110 mmol/L and a plasma osmolarity of 240 mOsm/L. You decide to administer 2.0 L of 3% sodium chloride. Her body weight was 80 kg before giving the fluid. Assume that:
intracellular fluid volume = 40% of body weight before fluid administration
extracellular fluid volume = 20% of body weight before fluid administration
molecular weight of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol
no excretion of water or electrolytes
Calculate her approximate plasma osmolarity after administration of the NaCl solution and after osmotic equilibrium.
A. 240 mOsm/L
B. 251 mOsm/L
C. 265 mOsm/L
D. 271 mOsm/L
E. 286 mOsm/L

ANS: D