Chapter 23 Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation, And Change

Chapter 23  Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation, And Change

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse believes a client is experiencing a subjective response that occurs when a person experiences a threat to well-being. The client is most likely experiencing:
a.
a stressor.
c.
anxiety.
b.
stress.
d.
adaptation.

ANS: C
Anxiety is a subjective response that occurs when a person experiences a threat to well-being. A stressor is any situation, event, or agent that threatens a person’s security. Stress is the body’s physiological reaction to any stimulus that evokes a change. Adaptation is an ongoing process by which individuals adjust to stressors in order to achieve equilibrium.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Stress, Anxiety, and Adaptation

2. A client tells the nurse that she strives for balance between her body, mind, and soul. The nurse realizes this client is describing a state of equilibrium among physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs that is known as:
a.
adaptation.
c.
cognitive reframing.
b.
homeostasis.
d.
general adaptation syndrome.

ANS: B
Homeostasis is equilibrium between physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs. Adaptation is an ongoing process by which individuals adjust to stressors in order to achieve equilibrium. Cognitive reframing is a technique based on the theory that a person’s emotional response is determined by the meaning attached to an event. General adaptation syndrome is the physiological response to stress.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Stress, Anxiety, and Adaptation

3. A client is waiting for the results of diagnostic tests for cancer. Worrying about the diagnosis is likely to cause the client to experience which stage of the general adaptation syndrome first?
a.
Resistance
c.
Alarm
b.
Exhaustion
d.
Local adaptation syndrome

ANS: C
The stressor of worrying about the diagnosis of cancer can initiate the general adaptation syndrome as a physiological response to stress. The first stage in the syndrome is alarm. This occurs when stressors are threatening or perceived to be threatening. The second stage, resistance, is when the fight-or-flight response occurs. The final stage of exhaustion occurs when the body has used up its adaptive energy and can no longer cope with the stressor. Local adaptation syndrome is not a stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis
REF: Figure 23-1 Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome

4. A client, waiting to be seen by a physician in the emergency department, has an increase in blood pressure and pulse. The nurse realizes the client is experiencing which type of stress response?
a.
Fight-or-flight
c.
Equilibrium
b.
Local adaptation syndrome
d.
Homeostasis

ANS: A
In the fight-or-flight response, there will be an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. The local adaptation syndrome is a localized area of inflammation to a body area. Equilibrium is a state of balance. Homeostasis is equilibrium between physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis
REF: Figure 23-2 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System

5. The nurse realizes a client is demonstrating signs of the local adaptation syndrome. The nurse most likely assessed which of the following in the client?
a.
Increased pulse rate
c.
Increased metabolism
b.
Diaphoresis
d.
Inflammation at the injured site

ANS: D
Signs of the local adaptation syndrome are symptoms of inflammation that include redness, warmth, and swelling of the injured site. Increased pulse rate and diaphoresis are signs of the fight-or-flight response. It would be difficult for the nurse to assess increased metabolism; however, it is also a sign of the fight-or-flight response.

PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis
REF: Local Adaptation Syndrome| Figure 23-2 Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System