Chapter 17 Metabolic Disorders

Chapter 17  Metabolic Disorders

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements is true about diabetes mellitus?
a.
Type 2 diabetes is the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
b.
Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 125 mg/dl.
c.
Non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.
d.
The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age.

ANS: B
A fasting plasma glucose reading of over 125 mg/dl is considered diabetes, whereas a level between 110 mg/dl and 125 mg/dl is considered to be impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Type 2 diabetes is present when insulin is produced but does not lower the blood glucose level. Type 1 diabetes was formerly called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, whereas type 2 diabetes was formerly called non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the United States, approximately 8.7% of all adults have diabetes, whereas 18.3% of persons older than 60 years have diabetes.

PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: 4-14
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Physiological Integrity

2. Which laboratory results are goals for reducing a person’s risk for diabetes and heart disease?
a.
Triglycerides over 150 mg/dl
b.
Cholesterol 250 mg/dl
c.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) over 40 mg/d
d.
Fasting blood glucose under 150 mg/dl

ANS: C
To reduce the risk for diabetes and heart disease, the serum triglycerides value should be under 150 mg/dl. The cholesterol value should be under 200 mg/dl to reduce the risk for heart disease and diabetes. The HDL level should be over 40 mg/dl to reduce the risk for heart disease and diabetes. Fasting blood glucose value should be under 126 mg/dl.

PTS: 1 DIF: Remember REF: 4-14 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Physiological Integrity

3. When teaching a patient about foods that do not increase blood glucose, which should the nurse include?
a.
White bread
c.
Broccoli
b.
Baked beans
d.
Corn

ANS: C
Broccoli does not raise blood glucose levels. White bread quickly breaks down to glucose and therefore tends to cause a rapid, brief rise in the blood sugar level. Whole grains provide a more sustained release of glucose and are a better source of carbohydrates. The blood glucose level increases after eating baked beans, but the rise will occur more slowly, reaching a lower level of hyperglycemia and remaining for a longer period. Corn is a starchy vegetable and will raise the blood glucose level almost as much as sugar itself.

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 4-14
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Physiological Integrity

4. Which of the following statements is true about medications taken by individuals with diabetes mellitus?
a.
Sitagliptin (Januvia) is indicated to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus.
b.
Nateglinide (Starlix) increases the secretion of insulin.
c.
Metformin (Glucophage) increases the secretion of insulin.
d.
Rosiglitazone (Avandia) decreases glucose absorption.

ANS: B
Meglitinides, such as nateglinide (Starlix), act by helping the pancreas release insulin. The use of sitagliptin (Januvia), a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus and acts by improving glucose-dependent insulin synthesis, lowering glucagon secretion and slowing gastric emptying. Metformin (Glucophage) acts by decreasing the release of glucose from the liver. Thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone (Avandia), act by enhancing insulin sensitivity with hepatic glucose metabolism and by enhancing insulin-receptor kinase activity and phosphorylation.

PTS: 1 DIF: Understand REF: 13
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Physiological Integrity