Chapter 17 Communicable And Infectious Disease Prevention And Control

Chapter 17  Communicable And Infectious Disease Prevention And Control

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Women who develop vaginal fungal infections (commonly referred to as yeast infections) usually have a history of having been prescribed antibiotics for bacterial infections. Which component of the epidemiological triangle (agent–host–environment) contributes most to the development of vaginal infections?
a.
Agent
b.
Environment
c.
Host
d.
Agent and host

ANS: B
Antibiotic therapy not only eliminates a specific pathological agent but may also alter the balance of normally occurring organisms in the body. As a result, one of these agents overruns another, and disease, such as a yeast infection, occurs.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 531 OBJ: 2
TOP: CRNE Competency: Changes in Health

2. A communicable disease outbreak has occurred in a town. At a town meeting with public health officials, a community health nurse (CHN) is asked to explain the phrase “virulent organism.” Which of the following definitions of virulence is correct?
a.
Virulence is the ability to bypass normal immunological response mechanisms.
b.
Virulence is the ability to invade major organ systems.
c.
Virulence is the ability to produce toxins and poisons that weaken the body.
d.
Virulence is the ability to produce severe physical reactions.

ANS: D
Virulence is the ability to produce a severe pathological reaction.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 532, Box 17-1
OBJ: 2 TOP: CRNE Competency: Changes in Health

3. CHNs have been advised by the medical director to give injections of hepatitis A immunoglobulin to selected susceptible persons in the event of a hepatitis A epidemic. Which of the following outcomes will be the result?
a.
Active immunization
b.
Long-lasting immunity
c.
Natural immunity
d.
Passive immunization

ANS: D
Passive immunization refers to immunization through the transfer of a specific antibody from an immunized individual to a nonimmunized individual, such as the transfer of antibodies from mother to infant or the administration of an antibody-containing preparation (immune globulin or antiserum). Passive immunity from immune globulin is almost immediate but short-lived. It is often induced as a stop-gap measure until active immunity has time to develop after vaccination. Examples of commonly used immune globulins include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and tetanus.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 532 OBJ: 7
TOP: CRNE Competency: Health and Wellness

4. Of the following statements about Salmonella made by class members in a class about disease prevention, which one indicates that additional teaching is needed?
a.
“Certain pets and farm animals may be Salmonella carriers.”
b.
“It is possible to transmit Salmonella through person-to-person contact.”
c.
“Salmonella may be spread through blood once the infected blood is exposed to air.”
d.
“Salmonella outbreaks are usually due to contaminated meat, poultry, and eggs.”

ANS: C
Meat, poultry, and eggs are the foods most often associated with salmonellosis outbreaks. Animals are common reservoirs for the various Salmonella serotypes. Although infected humans may also be carriers, animals are more likely to be chronic carriers. Reptiles, such as iguanas, have been implicated as Salmonella carriers, as well as turtles, poultry, cattle, swine, rodents, dogs, and cats. Person-to-person transmission is an important consideration in daycare and institutional settings. Anthrax (not Salmonella) forms spores when infected blood is exposed to air.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 557 OBJ: 8
TOP: CRNE Competency: Health and Wellness