Chapter 14 Regulation of Breathing

Chapter 14  Regulation of Breathing

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. In what location are the inspiratory and expiratory centers found?
a.
pedulla
b.
neurons in the cerebellum
c.
pons
d.
No such centers exist.

ANS: D
Recent evidence shows that inspiratory and expiratory neurons are anatomically intermingled and do not necessarily inhibit one another. No clearly separate inspiratory and expiratory centers exist.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 315 OBJ: 1

2. The medulla oblongata contains which of the following areas?
1. apneustic center
2. dorsal respiratory group neurons (DRGs)
3. pneumotaxic center
4. ventral respiratory group neurons (VRGs)
a.
1, 2, and 3
b.
2 and 4
c.
3 only
d.
1, 2, 3, and 4

ANS: B
Instead, the medulla contains several widely dispersed respiratory-related neurons, as shown in Figure 14-1. The DRGs contain mainly inspiratory neurons, whereas the VRGs contain both inspiratory and expiratory neurons.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 315 OBJ: 1

3. Sensory input to the dorsal respiratory neurons from the lungs, airways, and peripheral chemoreceptors is provided via which nerves?
1. glossopharyngeal
2. phrenic
3. vagus
a.
1 and 2
b.
1
c.
1 and 3
d.
1, 2, and 3

ANS: C
The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves transmit many sensory impulses to the DRGs from the lungs, airways, peripheral chemoreceptors, and joint proprioceptors. These impulses modify the basic breathing pattern generated in the medulla.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 315 OBJ: 1

4. To which anatomic structures do the ventral respiratory centers send motor signals during inspiration?
1. diaphragm
2. larynx
3. pharynx
4. sternocleidomastoids
a.
1, 2, and 3
b.
2 and 4
c.
1 only
d.
1, 2, 3, and 4

ANS: A
Some inspiratory VRG neurons send motor impulses through the vagus nerve to the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, abducting the vocal cords and increasing the diameter of the glottis. Other VRG inspiratory neurons transmit impulses to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 315 OBJ: 1

5. The inhibitory neurons that switch off the inspiratory ramp signal are controlled by which of the following?
1. apneustic center
2. pneumotaxic center
3. pulmonary stretch receptors
a.
1, 2, and 3
b.
1 and 2
c.
3
d.
2 and 3

ANS: D
The inhibitory neurons that switch off the inspiratory ramp signal are controlled by the pneumotaxic center and pulmonary stretch receptors.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 316 OBJ: 2