Chapter 13 Acid-Base Balance

Chapter 13  Acid-Base Balance

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The primary goal of acid-base homeostasis is to maintain which of the following?
a.
normal HCO3−
b.
normal PCO2
c.
normal pH
d.
normal PO2

ANS: C
Acid-base balance refers to physiological mechanisms that keep the H+ ion concentration of body fluids in a range compatible with life.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 295 OBJ: 1

2. What is the normal arterial blood pH range?
a.
7.25 to 7.35
b.
7.35 to 7.45
c.
7.45 to 7.55
d.
7.55 to 7.65

ANS: B
To sustain life, the body must maintain the pH of fluids within a narrow range, from 7.35 to 7.45.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 291 OBJ: 1

3. Which of the following is a volatile acid of physiologic significance?
a.
hydrochloric
b.
carbonic
c.
phosphoric
d.
lactic

ANS: B
The only volatile acid of physiologic significance in the body is carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is in equilibrium with dissolved CO2.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 295 OBJ: 1

4. What are the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable pH despite massive CO2 production?
1. isohydric buffering
2. gastrointestinal secretion
3. pulmonary ventilation
a.
2 and 3
b.
1 and 2
c.
1, 2, and 3
d.
1 and 3

ANS: D
Isohydric buffering and ventilation are the two major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable pH in the face of massive CO2 production.

DIF: Application REF: p. 291 OBJ: 1

5. Fixed acids are produced primarily from the catabolism of which of the following?
a.
carbohydrates
b.
fats
c.
proteins
d.
simple sugars

ANS: C
Catabolism of proteins continually produces fixed (nonvolatile) acids such as sulfuric and phosphoric acids.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 291 OBJ: 1