Chapter 12 Stress, Adaptation, and Anxiety

Chapter 12  Stress, Adaptation, and Anxiety

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements about stressors is TRUE?
a.
Stressors reduce the need to adapt.
b.
External stressors are more difficult for the individual than internal stressors.
c.
Pleasant events reduce stress.
d.
Stressors in themselves are neutral.

ANS: D
Stressors can be situations, events, or agents that create stress for the individual. Stressors can be internal or external stimuli that force the person to adapt. Stressors in and of themselves are neither good nor bad; it is the person’s perception of the stress that determines whether the impact is positive or negative. In this framework, any event can be stressful for an individual, depending on the interpretation of the event.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: White (2010)

2. A client has a nonspecific response to a situation, which places an added demand on the body. This is BEST described as:
a.
anxiety
c.
distress
b.
crisis
d.
stress

ANS: D
Selye defined the concept of stress as a nonspecific response to any demand made on the body. These demands, called stressors, can be situations, events, or agents that create stress for the individual.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: White (2010)

3. What happens when a person uses all of his or her adaptive energy?
a.
The body defends itself through the fight-or-flight response.
b.
Stress-avoidance measures are evoked.
c.
Illness, disease, or even death may occur.
d.
Unconscious operations begin to defend the mind from anxiety.

ANS: C
According to Selye, each person has adaptive energy to respond or adapt to stress, but the amount of adaptive energy varies from person to person. Those who have expended all of their adaptive energy are unable to change and adapt to the needs of their environment; they can become ill, develop a disease, or even die as a result.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: White (2010)

4. The body is exposed to stressors and attempts to maintain balance or equilibrium among all of the needs of the body. This is BEST described as:
a.
homeostasis
c.
general adaptation syndrome
b.
catharsis
d.
adaptation

ANS: A
The balance or equilibrium among all of the needs of the body is known as homeostasis. Stressors cause chemical and structural changes in the body. The body attempts to maintain this balance among the physical, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, and spiritual needs.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: White (2010)

5. Which of these physiologic changes occur during the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
a.
cool, pale skin; shivering; and perspiration of the hands and soles of the feet
b.
loss of equilibrium, tinnitus, and hypertension
c.
physical exhaustion, tachypnea, and shortness of breath
d.
tachycardia, hyperventilation, and nausea and vomiting

ANS: A
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of three stages: alarm or crisis, adaptation or resistance (fight or flight), and exhaustion. In the alarm or crisis stage, the body experiences physiologic changes such as shivering, sweating palms and soles of feet, and cool, pale skin. Intense stress produces changes such as dilated pupils, dry mouth, pounding heart, nausea, and diarrhea.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: White (2010)