Chapter 12 Critical and Diagnostic Thinking for Better Clinical Judgment

Chapter 12  Critical and Diagnostic Thinking for Better Clinical Judgment

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Critical thinking is a purposeful, goal-directed process of inquiry that uses available facts, principles, theories, and abstractions. Which statement best describes the processes that are accomplished through critical thinking?
a.
Make inferences, solve problems, arrive at decisions.
b.
Persuade others, induce debate, use intuition.
c.
Make inferences, reduce fractions, make decisions.
d.
Solve problems, elevate issues, reflect actions.

ANS: A
Although critical thinking may play a part in many processes, the primary uses are to make inferences, solve problems, and arrive at decisions.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 175 OBJ: Define critical thinking.
TOP: Critical Thinking MSC: NCLEX: Nursing Process

2. Reasoned thought is characterized by the lack of:
a.
reflection.
b.
emotion.
c.
parity.
d.
contrast.

ANS: B
Reasoned thought is discriminating and prudent and does not allow emotion, feelings, or prejudices to skew decisions. Individuals who practice reasoned thought recognize when negative factors may be interfering with their ability to think clearly.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 176
OBJ: Identify the types of reasoning based on critical thinking. TOP: Reasoning
MSC: NCLEX: Nursing Process

3. Using clinical judgment, the nurse makes decisions on whether to proceed with or revise a course of action. The inquiry (investigational or exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is _____ thinking.
a.
reflective
b.
persuasive
c.
critical
d.
intuitive

ANS: C
Through clinical judgment, the nurse makes decisions on whether to proceed with or revise a course of action. The inquiry (investigational or exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is critical thinking.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 177
OBJ: Identify the types of reasoning based on critical thinking.
TOP: Reasoning: Clinical Judgment MSC: NCLEX: Nursing Process

4. Critical thought is a(n):
a.
disciplined, rational, and self-directed activity that uses standards and criteria.
b.
intuitive process that relies only on the nurse’s experience.
c.
persuasive process leading to sound decisions.
d.
reactive process after an intervention is completed.

ANS: A
Critical thought is a disciplined, rational, and self-directed activity that uses standards and criteria. Critical thought assists the nurse in making more effective clinical decisions. The nurse who engages in critical thought will meet more of the patient’s needs and effect positive patient outcomes.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 175
OBJ: Identify the types of reasoning based on critical thinking. TOP: Reasoning: Critical Thought
MSC: NCLEX: Nursing Process

5. A patient has a problem that prevents him from shaving himself, tying his shoes, or fixing his meals. He is not physically able to compensate for the problem, so he is in need of assistance. Data support the nursing diagnosis “impaired physical mobility” by what mode of reasoning?
a.
Induction
b.
Deduction
c.
Reduction
d.
Reflection

ANS: B
Taking general assessment data, drawing conclusions, identifying problems or needs, and formulating a plan of care are components of a deductive reasoning process. The nursing process is an example of deductive reasoning because it involves taking data and deducing a plan of care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Page 178
OBJ: Compare inductive and deductive reasoning.
TOP: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning MSC: NCLEX: Nursing Process