Chapter 11 Urogenital System

Chapter 11  Urogenital System

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

9. ________ Source of nephrons
A.
Renal agenesis
B.
Nephrogenic cord
C.
Metanephric diverticulum
D.
Kidney lobes
E.
Polycystic kidney

ANS: B
The metanephric mesenchyme in the nephrogenic cords gives rise to nephrons. When stimulated by a substance produced by the metanephric diverticulum, the metanephric mesenchyme begins to differentiate into nephrons.

10. ________ Caused by dilations of the nephron loops
A.
Renal agenesis
B.
Nephrogenic cord
C.
Metanephric diverticulum
D.
Kidney lobes
E.
Polycystic kidney

ANS: E
Congenital polycystic disease of the kidneys is transmitted on an autosomal basis (ARPKD). The cysts may result from failure of the first formed rudimentary nephrons to degenerate; later, these remnants may accumulate fluid and form cysts. Cysts may also develop from detached parts of metanephric tissue, which gives rise to rudimentary renal vesicles. It is now widely believed that these cysts are dilations of the nephrons, particularly of the nephron loops.

11. ________ Oligohydramnios
A.
Renal agenesis
B.
Nephrogenic cord
C.
Metanephric diverticulum
D.
Kidney lobes
E.
Polycystic kidney

ANS: A
Oligohydramnios (an abnormally small volume of amniotic fluid) may be associated with renal agenesis (absence of kidneys). In the neonate, renal agenesis is suggested by large, low-set ears. This type of auricle also suggests numerical chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., trisomy 18). The fetal kidneys normally produce large amounts of urine, which is excreted into the amniotic fluid. When one or both kidneys fail to form or there is urethral obstruction, the volume of amniotic fluid is small because urine production fails to occur or the urine cannot pass into the amniotic fluid.

12. ________ Mesonephric duct
A.
Renal agenesis
B.
Nephrogenic cord
C.
Metanephric diverticulum
D.
Kidney lobes
E.
Polycystic kidney

ANS: C
The metanephric diverticulum develops as an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct near its opening into the urogenital sinus. This diverticulum gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules.