Chapter 11 Growth and Development: Infancy Through Adolescence

Chapter 11  Growth and Development: Infancy Through Adolescence

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A mother of an 11-month-old is concerned about her baby not walking and states that his older brother was walking at 10 months. The nurse’s response, based on knowledge of normal development, should be:
a.
“Your son may be somewhat slow developmentally. You might have him evaluated by a neurologist.”
b.
“The rate of development can be very different from one child to another, even among brothers and sisters.”
c.
“Don’t worry. Children can be perfectly normal and not walk until they are 2 years of age.”
d.
“It’s hard to predict when a child will walk. Some walk before they are able to crawl or sit alone.”

ANS: B
Development follows a pattern (sit before creep, creep before walk) but varies in normal children. Eleven months is not developmentally slow, but children normally do walk before 2 years of age.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 148|Box 11-1
OBJ: Theory #3 TOP: Motor Development, Infants
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development

2. The nurse is aware that according to Piaget’s theory, the child’s cognitive development is:
a.
present at birth as a genetic imprint that will begin to unfold in the first year, independent of the child’s environment.
b.
a series of psychosocial tasks to be accomplished at various stages throughout life, such as developing a sense of identity in adolescence.
c.
the physical increase in size that occurs in the brain of the child, with most of the growth completed by the age of adolescence.
d.
occurring in stages, which allows a child to organize knowledge and adapt to the environment in increasingly complex ways.

ANS: D
Cognitive refers to intellectual aspects. It is strongly influenced by environment and is more than just physical development of the brain. Piaget theorized stages a child goes through in organizing knowledge and adapting to the environment.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 148 OBJ: Theory #7
TOP: Cognitive Development KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development

3. A new parent with her first child tells the nurse that her mother has advised her to feed the baby on a schedule and let the baby cry between feedings so that he does not get spoiled. Based on Erikson’s growth and development theory, the nurse’s most informative response would be:
a.
a sense of trust is developed in infancy when a child’s needs are met by warm, loving people.
b.
an infant who learns to adapt to uncomfortable situations and to comfort himself will develop autonomy and independence.
c.
the infant learns cause and effect at this stage and will learn he can’t cry and get his own way.
d.
in the first year, crying and learning to wait have positive outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

ANS: A
Meeting the crying baby’s needs fosters trust; it does not “spoil” a child. Crying inconsolably is not a positive outcome for a baby when he fails to have his needs met.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 148 OBJ: Theory #6
TOP: Psychosocial Development, Infants
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development

4. A 4-year-old attends a preschool group three mornings a week. He has been treated kindly and lovingly at home. At school, according to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, he is likely to:
a.
treat his peers and siblings in a loving and kind manner, because he has internalized the value of treating others as he has been treated.
b.
conform to social standards and rules to avoid feeling guilty or risking social disapproval.
c.
follow the rules regarding peer interactions to avoid punishment.
d.
be developmentally advanced and have a conscience that is based on an innate sense of justice and duty.

ANS: C
According to Kohlberg, the child’s behavior at preschool will be preconventional reasoning, governed by fear of punishment. This stage lasts until about the age of 9 years.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 144 OBJ: Theory #5
TOP: Developmental Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development

5. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the most important teaching a nurse can provide the expectant mother is:
a.
avoiding very strenuous exercises or activities.
b.
eating large high caloric meals to provide for the growing fetus.
c.
preparing self-physically and mentally for the work of labor.
d.
acquiring adequate prenatal care.

ANS: D
Early prenatal care is the most important factor in a healthy pregnancy outcome.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 146 OBJ: Clinical Practice #1
TOP: Prenatal Development KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease