Chapter 11 Care of Patient with HIV/AIDS

Chapter 11  Care of Patient with HIV/AIDS

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse speaking with a student about immunocompetence correctly defines it as occurring when:
a.
there has been an overwhelming allergic reaction.
b.
the immune system cannot differentiate between foreign cells and the body’s own cells.
c.
the individual is exposed to a disease from which he has no immunity.
d.
physiologic responses protect the body against invasion from microorganisms or toxins.

ANS: D
Immunocompetence means that the immune system is reacting to the threat of invasion of microorganisms or toxins by initiating physiologic responses by the vascular system, initiation of chemical responses, or the release of white blood cells.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 215 OBJ: 4 (theory)
TOP: The Immune System KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

2. The nurse recognizes a need for further instruction when the HIV-positive patient says:
a.
“My life is over. HIV and AIDS are the same thing.”
b.
“I can delay having full-blown AIDS if I change my lifestyle.”
c.
“Drug protocols can keep me relatively healthy for many years.”
d.
“I am aware that unsafe sex is a risk factor I ignored.”

ANS: A
HIV does sometimes develop into full-blown AIDS, but they are not the same thing. Drugs and changes in lifestyle can delay the onset of AIDS, and the patient may lead a healthy life for many years. Unsafe sex is commonly a causative factor for transmission of HIV.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 215 OBJ: 2 (theory)
TOP: HIV Infection KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

3. In caring for the patient who is HIV positive, the nurse should:
a.
wear gown, gloves, and mask at all times.
b.
limit visitors.
c.
monitor intake of salt.
d.
use Standard Precautions.

ANS: D
Standard Precautions are adequate during routine nursing care. For invasive procedures, additional personal protective equipment is necessary.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 217 OBJ: 6 (theory)
TOP: HIV Precautions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

4. The nurse is aware that more instruction is needed for the HIV-positive patient when she says:
a.
“Latex condoms are the best.”
b.
“I could give my partner HIV without practicing safe sex.”
c.
“I should avoid pregnancy.”
d.
“Oral sex is safer and doesn’t require a barrier.”

ANS: D
Oral sex with a patient who is HIV positive requires an oral barrier.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 217 OBJ: 1 (theory)
TOP: Safe Sex KEY: Nursing Process Step: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

5. The nurse clarifies that the HIV virus enters and alters the DNA of the _____ cell lymphocyte.
a.
B
b.
T
c.
CD4
d.
killer T

ANS: C
The HIV virus attaches to the CD4 cell lymphocyte.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 217 OBJ: 1 (theory)
TOP: CD4 Lymphocyte KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease

6. When oral thrush, recurrent vaginal yeast infections, or skin disorders appear in the HIV-positive patient, the nurse assesses this as:
a.
AIDS.
b.
invasion of primary pathogens.
c.
a sign of a failing immune system.
d.
retrovirus infection.

ANS: C
Sentinel infections are opportunistic infections that may indicate underlying immunosuppression in the HIV-infected patient. It is not a definitive sign that AIDS has occurred, nor are these classified as primary pathogens. HIV is a retrovirus that incorporates itself into the genetic material of the host cells it infects, thus altering the DNA.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 219 OBJ: 2 (theory)
TOP: Sentinel Infection KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Prevention and Early Detection of Disease