Chapter 06 Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

Chapter 06  Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A woman’s obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One child was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?
a.
3-1-1-1-3
b.
4-1-2-0-4
c.
3-0-3-0-3
d.
4-2-1-0-3

ANS: B

Feedback
A
The numbers do not accurately reflect the woman’s gravidity and parity information. Using the GTPAL system, her information would be calculated as:
G: This, the first number, reflects the total number of times the woman has been pregnant; she is pregnant for the fourth time.
T: This number indicates the number of pregnancies carried to term, not the number of deliveries at term; only one of her pregnancies has resulted in a fetus at term.
P: This is the number of pregnancies that resulted in a preterm birth; the woman has had two pregnancies in which she delivered preterm.
A: This number signifies whether the woman has had any abortions or miscarriages before the period of viability; she has not.
L: This number signifies the number of children born that currently are living; the woman has four children.
B
This is the correct calculation of this woman’s gravidity and parity.
C
The numbers do not accurately reflect the woman’s gravidity and parity information. Using the GTPAL system, her information would be calculated as:
G: This, the first number, reflects the total number of times the woman has been pregnant; she is pregnant for the fourth time.
T: This number indicates the number of pregnancies carried to term, not the number of deliveries at term; only one of her pregnancies has resulted in a fetus at term.
P: This is the number of pregnancies that resulted in a preterm birth; the woman has had two pregnancies in which she delivered preterm.
A: This number signifies whether the woman has had any abortions or miscarriages before the period of viability; she has not.
L: This number signifies the number of children born that currently are living; the woman has four children.
D
The numbers do not accurately reflect the woman’s gravidity and parity information. Using the GTPAL system, her information would be calculated as:
G: This, the first number, reflects the total number of times the woman has been pregnant; she is pregnant for the fourth time.
T: This number indicates the number of pregnancies carried to term, not the number of deliveries at term; only one of her pregnancies has resulted in a fetus at term.
P: This is the number of pregnancies that resulted in a preterm birth; the woman has had two pregnancies in which she delivered preterm.
A: This number signifies whether the woman has had any abortions or miscarriages before the period of viability; she has not.
L: This number signifies the number of children born that currently are living; the woman has four children.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 169, 170
OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis

2. A woman is 6 weeks pregnant. She has had a previous spontaneous abortion at 14 weeks of gestation and a pregnancy that ended at 38 weeks with the birth of a stillborn girl. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?
a.
2-0-0-1-1
b.
2-1-0-1-0
c.
3-1-0-1-0
d.
3-0-1-1-0

ANS: C

Feedback
A
Using the GTPAL system explained in question 1, this patient’s gravidity and parity information would be calculated as follows:
G: Total number of times the woman has been pregnant (she is pregnant for the third time).
T: Number of pregnancies carried to term (she has had only one pregnancy that resulted in a fetus at term).
P: Number of pregnancies that resulted in a preterm birth (none).
A: Abortions or miscarriages before the period of viability (she has had one).
L: Number of children born who are currently living (she has no living children).
B
Using the GTPAL system explained in question 1, this patient’s gravidity and parity information would be calculated as follows:
G: Total number of times the woman has been pregnant (she is pregnant for the third time).
T: Number of pregnancies carried to term (she has had only one pregnancy that resulted in a fetus at term).
P: Number of pregnancies that resulted in a preterm birth (none).
A: Abortions or miscarriages before the period of viability (she has had one).
L: Number of children born who are currently living (she has no living children).
C
This is the correct calculation of this woman’s gravidity and parity.
D
Using the GTPAL system explained in question 1, this patient’s gravidity and parity information would be calculated as follows:
G: Total number of times the woman has been pregnant (she is pregnant for the third time).
T: Number of pregnancies carried to term (she has had only one pregnancy that resulted in a fetus at term).
P: Number of pregnancies that resulted in a preterm birth (none).
A: Abortions or miscarriages before the period of viability (she has had one).
L: Number of children born who are currently living (she has no living children).

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 169, 170
OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis

3. Over-the-counter (OTC) pregnancy tests usually rely on which technology to test for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
a.
Radioimmunoassay
b.
Radioreceptor assay
c.
Latex agglutination test
d.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

ANS: D

Feedback
A
The radioimmunoassay test is used to detect hCG at varying times in the early gestational period; however, it is not a feature of the OTC pregnancy test. OTC pregnancy tests use ELISA technology for its one-step, accurate results.
B
The radioreceptor assay test is used to detect hCG at varying times in the early gestational period; however, it is not a feature of the OTC pregnancy test. OTC pregnancy tests use ELISA technology for its one-step, accurate results.
C
The latex agglutination test is used to detect hCG at varying times in the early gestational period; however, it is not a feature of the OTC pregnancy test. OTC pregnancy tests use ELISA technology for its one-step, accurate results.
D
ELISA technology is used in OTC pregnancy tests.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 171
OBJ: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment

4. A woman at 10 weeks of gestation who is seen in the prenatal clinic with presumptive signs and symptoms of pregnancy likely will have:
a.
Amenorrhea.
b.
Positive pregnancy test.
c.
Chadwick’s sign.
d.
Hegar’s sign.

ANS: A

Feedback
A
Amenorrhea is a presumptive sign of pregnancy. Presumptive signs of pregnancy are those felt by the woman.
B
A positive pregnancy test would be a probable sign of pregnancy.
C
The presence of Chadwick’s sign would be a probable sign of pregnancy.
D
The presence of Hegar’s sign would be a probable sign of pregnancy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 172
OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment

5. The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse’s instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:
a.
A positive pregnancy test.
b.
Fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife.
c.
Braxton Hicks contractions.
d.
Quickening.

ANS: B

Feedback
A
A positive pregnancy test would be a probable sign of pregnancy.
B
Positive signs of pregnancy are those that are attributed to the presence of a fetus such as hearing the fetal heartbeat or palpating fetal movement.
C
Braxton Hicks contractions would be a probable sign of pregnancy.
D
Quickening would be a presumptive sign of pregnancy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 172
OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Planning