Chapter 03 Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 03  Fluid, Electrolytes, Acid-Base Balance, and Intravenous Therapy

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma from the cells by the process of:
a.
distillation.
b.
diffusion.
c.
filtration.
d.
osmosis.

ANS: D
The process of osmosis accomplishes the movement of water from the cells into the plasma, causing dehydration.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 32-33 OBJ: 3 (theory)
TOP: Dehydration KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

2. The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. The nurse explains that the compensatory reabsorption of water is controlled by:
a.
osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
b.
antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary.
c.
baroreceptors in the carotid sinus.
d.
insulin from the pancreas.

ANS: B
The antidiuretic hormone controls how much water leaves the body by reabsorbing water in the renal tubules.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 31-32 OBJ: 2 (theory)
TOP: Regulation of Body Fluids KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

3. The nurse uses a picture to show how ions equalize their concentration by the passive transport process of:
a.
osmosis.
b.
filtration.
c.
titration.
d.
diffusion.

ANS: D
Diffusion is the process by which substances move back and forth across compartment membranes until they are equally divided.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 32 OBJ: 3 (theory)
TOP: Diffusion KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

4. The nurse explains that the active transport process that is able to move sodium and potassium into or out of cells is:
a.
filtration.
b.
sodium pump.
c.
diffusion.
d.
osmosis.

ANS: B
The sodium pump is the mechanism by which sodium and potassium are moved into or out of cells regardless of the concentration.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 33 OBJ: 3 (theory)
TOP: Active Transport KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

5. The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 hours. The nurse calculates this weight loss to be the excretion of approximately _____ liters of fluid.
a.
1.0
b.
1.5
c.
2.0
d.
2.5

ANS: D
Each kilogram (2.2 pounds) of weight loss is equivalent to 1 liter of fluid. Therefore, 5.5 pounds ÷ 2.2 pounds = 2.5 liters.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 35 OBJ: 1 (clinical)
TOP: Fluid Loss KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation