Arts And Culture An Introduction To The Humanities Combined Volume 4th Edition by Janetta Rebold Benton – Test Bank

Complete Test Bank With Answers

Sample Questions Posted Below

Chapter 5: Judaism, Early Christianity, and Byzantine Civilizations

Multiple Choice

1. Humans, as portrayed in Byzantine mosaics, __________.

A. are not necessarily intended to be recognizable portraits of specific individuals

B. possess big dark eyes

C. have long noses

D. all of the answers

E. are depicted with small mouths

Answer: D

Page ref: 190

2. __________ was not a popular theme for catacomb paintings.

A. Noah and the Ark

B. The Crucifixion

C. Moses

D. Jonah and the Whale

E. Susana

Answer: B

Page ref: 182

3. __________ was the most important expounder of Christian doctrine after Paul.

A. Justinian

B. Pope Gregory

C. Augustine

D. Sebastian

E. none of the above

Answer: C

Page ref: 186

4. The stories of the Creation and the Fall, of the Great Flood, and of the Tower of Babel are called __________ stories, or tales about the origins and causes of things.

A. ending

B. historical

C. evangelical

D. etiological

Answer: D

Page ref: 177

5. In 313 C.E., Constantine issued the __________ which granted tolerance to those who 

practiced Christianity.

A. Edict of Milan

B. Nicene Creed

C. Great Schism

D. Decalogue

E. Council of Trent

Answer: A

Page ref: 179

6. The Israelite prophets did not __________.

A. speak for God

B. function as mouthpieces, preaching what they had been instructed by God

C. teach the importance of living according to the Ten Commandments

D. operate  as voices of conscience

E. foretell the future

Answer: E

Page ref: 174

7. Because __________, carving was scarce in the early Christian era, and sculpture was always secondary to painting and mosaics.

A. the early Christians did not know how to carve the stone

B. of the disdain for the worship of idols

C. the early Christians did not like the appearance of sculptures

D. both A and C

E. none of the above

Answer: B

Page ref: 180

8. The __________, found in the Qumran caves, contain scrolls of the book of Isaiah (fig. 5.2).

A. Vulgate

B. Dead Sea Scrolls

C. King James Bible

D. Gnostic Gospel of Thomas

E. Confessions

Answer: B

Page ref: 175

9. The design of the early Christian church was derived from the Roman __________ plan.

A. tomb

B. theater

C. basilica

D. house

E. forum

Answer: C

Page ref: 180

10. For the ancient Hebrews, divine acts like the conferring of the Ten Commandments were__________.

A. acknowledgements of their status as God’s Chosen People

B. proofs that nature gods exist

C. mysteries that were best forgotten

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

Answer: A

Page ref: 173

11. In works such as the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (fig. 5.8), the various Bible stories depicted were intended to __________.

A. demonstrate the artist’s skill in portraying the human form in accurate proportions

B. provide the details of a story for an illiterate audience

C. entertain with their fanciful tales

D. focus on the drama of the scenes

E. bring to mind a story that the viewer was expected to know already

Answer: E

Page ref: 183

12. The __________ were distinct types of writing found in the New Testament.

A. Gospels

B. Epistles, or letters

C. Acts of the Apostles

D. Revelation

E. all of the above

Answer: E

Page ref: 183-185

13. __________ is the most elaborate church of the Second Golden Age of Byzantine art.

A. Hagia Sophia (fig. 5.13) in Istanbul

B. St. Mark’s (fig. 5.17) in Venice

C. San Vitale (fig. 5.11) in Ravenna

D. Santa Costanza (fig. 5.6) in Rome

E. Santi Pietro e Marcellino (fig. 5.9) in Rome

Answer: B

Page ref: 192

14. The evangelists are the __________ as expressed through the translation of the word from 

the Greek.

A. “speakers of evil”

B. “doers of deeds”

C. “the ones who smell”

D. “those who sit in contemplations”

E. “bearers of the good news”

Answer: E

Page ref: 173

15. The pressing of the grapes seen in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza, Rome (fig. 5.6) is a(n) __________ subject adapted for Christian use.

A. Islamic

B. pagan

C. Buddhist

D. Taoist

E. Orisa

Answer: B

Page ref: 181

True/False

16. Jesus taught through parables which are stories that illustrate essential Christian principles.

Answer: T

Page ref: 178

17. The First Golden Age of Byzantine art was ushered in by the emperor Nero.

Answer: F

Page ref: 188

18. Two kinds of singing developed in the Christian service: responsorial and antiphonal.

Answer: T

Page ref: 185

19. Gnosticism was a major force in mainstream, orthodox Christianity.

Answer: F

Page ref: 187

20. The transition from circle to square in a Byzantine church was achieved through the use of sarcophagi.

Answer: F

Page ref: 192

21. The Early Christian basilica is derived from the Egyptian pyramid.

Answer: F

Page ref: 179

22. Judaism and Christianity are polytheistic religions.

Answer: F

Page ref: 173

23. Catacombs are the underground cemeteries of the Christians in and around Rome.

Answer: T

Page ref: 182

24. The permanent break or schism between the Eastern and Western churches took place in 800 C.E.

Answer: F

Page ref: 179

25. The early patriarchs of ancient Israel believed that they were favored by God who had made a covenant with them.

Answer: T

Page ref: 173

Short Answer

26. Outline the elements that allow one to read the Bible as literature.

27. What are the two essentials of the teachings of Jesus?

28. To what would you attribute Roman persecution of the Christians?

29. Provide an example of the Christian basilica and outline the advantages and disadvantages of this form of architecture.

30. What do Benton and DiYanni mean by “The Golden Age of Constantinople?”

31. Give an example of the form and style of an icon.

32. List the basic differences between early Judaism and Early Christianity.

33. What were the roots and forms of Early Christian music?

34. Who, after Paul, was the most important figure in expounding Early Christian doctrine and why?

35. What was the Iconoclastic Controversy and how did it affect art production?

Essay

36. Benton and DiYanni observe that, “[. . .] the Hebrew tradition was spiritual, mystical, and founded on faith.” How can this statement be supported by the Menorahs and Ark of the Covenant (fig. 5.1) wall painting?

37. Examine the merger of Roman style and Christian ideals in at least three works of art from the Early Christian era.

38. Color symbolism was extremely important to establishing an image of Byzantine rulers as powerful, as well as spiritual, beings. Explore the use of color as transmitter of meaning in the mosaics of Ravenna (fig. 5.11 and 5.12), the Creation Dome of St. Mark’s, Venice (fig. 5.18), and the Madonna and Child Enthroned  (fig. 5.19).