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Sample Questions Posted Below
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition
Chapter 05: Cell Growth and Reproduction
Test Bank
TRUE/FALSE
1.The terms cytokinesis and mitosis mean the same thing.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:Cell Reproduction
2.A nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a ribose sugar, phosphoric acid, and a nitrogenous base.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 114
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
3.The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
4.A major function of DNA is to instruct the ribosome, through tRNA, concerning which protein is to be synthesized.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 116
TOP: Translation
5.Protein synthesis begins with translation.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 117
TOP:Transcription
6.The enzyme DNA polymerase coordinates the mechanism of obligatory base pairing.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 122 (Figure 5-8)TOP:DNA Replication
7.In normal mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical genetically to the parent cell.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:Cell Reproduction
8.Anaplasia is a state in which cells fail to differentiate into specialized cell types.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 123 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Changes in Cell Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
9.Genes determine polypeptide structure, which determines the structure of enzymes and structural proteins, which determine the cell’s functions and structure.
ANS:TDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 114|Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
10.Chromosomes align across the equator of the spindle fibers during anaphase of mitosis.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 123 (Table 5-5) TOP: Major Events in Mitosis
11.One significant similarity between RNA and DNA is that they both are shaped as a polypeptide chain.
ANS:FDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 114
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
12.Gamete is the result of a somatic cells undergoing mitosis.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Meiosis
13.Normal meiosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Meiosis
14.It is during meiosis phase I that the number of chromosomes is halved.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 124 TOP: Meiosis
15.Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of DNA replication.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 127
TOP: Mechanisms of Disease
16.Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 126 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Changes in Cell Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
17.In transcription, the DNA of the cell is edited and the introns are removed.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 117
TOP:Editing the Transcript
18.The anticodon on a tRNA molecule has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Translation
19.The anticodon on the tRNA molecule has exactly the same nucleotide sequence as the DNA code that formed that part of the mRNA molecule except that uracil would replace thymine.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Transcription | Translation
20.The mitochondria are unique organelles because they are able to replicate themselves.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 122
TOP: Production of Cytoplasm
21.The number of cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes varies greatly during the life of a cell.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP: Regulating the Cell Life Cycle
22.Introns carry the code for the making of a protein.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 117
TOP:Editing the Transcript
23.A type of ribonucleic acid that can stimulate translation is called RNAi.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 119
TOP: Translation
24.DNA synthesis occurs during prophase in mitosis.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
25.The term neoplasm is another word for tumor.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 126 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Changes in Cell Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
26.Atrophy and hypertrophy occurs most often in fat cells as the body stores or uses fat.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 126 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Changes in Cell Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
27.Protein synthesis is the central building process for cell growth and maintenance.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 114
TOP:Protein Synthesis
28.The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made up of either deoxyribose sugar or phosphoric acid.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
29.What differentiates one DNA nucleotide from another is whether it has a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
30.The distance between the two uprights in the DNA ladder is always equal to the total distance of one purine and one pyrimidine nitrogen base.
ANS:TDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 114|Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
31.A DNA codon consists of three nucleotides.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
32.A human gene is a segment of the DNA molecule.
ANS:TDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
33.A human gene is made up of about 250 DNA nucleotides.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
34.Examples of noncoding RNA are messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 115|Page 116 TOP: Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
35.Uracil must by a pyrimidine nitrogen base.
ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 116 TOP: Transcription
36.If the original DNA was ATCGGA, the messenger RNA formed from this DNA would be TUGCCT.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 116 TOP: Transcription
37.Editing of the mRNA begins when a modified adenine base is added to one end of the RNA strand.
ANS:FDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 116|Page 117TOP:Editing the Transcript
38.A polyribosome is making several copies of the same protein molecule.
ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 119 TOP: Translation
39.If the original DNA code was CAA, the transfer RNA for that strand of DNA would be CAA.
ANS:TDIF:SynthesisREF:Page 117|Page 118
TOP: Translation
40.Anticodons make up part of the messenger RNA because they are opposite of the DNA codon.
ANS:FDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 117|Page 118
TOP: Translation
41.Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome where they are added to the protein being built.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 118
TOP: Translation
42.The complete set of proteins that can be made by the cell is called its proteome.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 119
TOP: Translation
43.If a protein is not folded properly, chaperone proteins can break it down and recycle the individual amino acids.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 119
TOP: Translation
44.The centromere holds two chromatids together.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
45.Telomeres are strands of nucleotides at the end of the chromosome that are expendable and are not needed for formation of proteins.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 122
TOP:DNA Replication
46.During prophase, chromosomes become chromatin, the nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers form.
ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Mitosis
47.Telophase is the last stage of mitosis and if cytokinesis is going to occur it begins at this stage.
ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 125
TOP: Mitosis
48.If the haploid number of chromosomes for a cell is 24, there would be 12 chromosomes in the gamete.
ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 124 TOP: Meiosis
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.The pairing of bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligated sequence of its opposing base pairs?
| a. | TAGC |
| b. | CGAT |
| c. | GCTA |
| d. | ATCG |
ANS:ADIF:ApplicationREF:Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
2.Which of the following is not true of RNA?
| a. | It is a single strand. |
| b. | It contains uracil rather than thymine. |
| c. | The obligatory base pairs are adenine and uracil, and guanine and cytosine. |
| d. | It contains deoxyribose sugar. |
ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 116 TOP: Transcription
3.The correct order of the phases of mitosis is:
| a. | anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase. |
| b. | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| c. | prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase. |
| d. | anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase. |
ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 123 TOP: Mitosis
4.When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis?
| a. | Prophase |
| b. | Anaphase |
| c. | Metaphase |
| d. | Telophase |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Mitosis
5.During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell?
| a. | Prophase |
| b. | Metaphase |
| c. | Anaphase |
| d. | Telophase |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 124 TOP: Mitosis
6.Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to:
| a. | atrophy. |
| b. | hypertrophy. |
| c. | undergo hyperplasia. |
| d. | undergo anaplasia. |
ANS:BDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 126 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Changes in Cell Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
7.A DNA molecule is characterized by all of the following except:
| a. | double helix shape. |
| b. | obligatory base pairing. |
| c. | ribose sugar. |
| d. | phosphate groups. |
ANS:CDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
8.All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except:
| a. | chromosome number remains at 46. |
| b. | primitive sex cells become mature gametes. |
| c. | the cells become haploid. |
| d. | meiosis occurs in two steps. |
ANS:ADIF:Memorization
REF: Page 124 |Page 125 TOP: Meiosis
9.A sequence of three bases forms a(n):
| a. | codon. |
| b. | anticodon. |
| c. | amino acid. |
| d. | polypeptide bond. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
10.Transcription can be best described as the:
| a. | degradation of tRNA. |
| b. | reading of mRNA codons by tRNA. |
| c. | replication of DNA. |
| d. | synthesis of mRNA. |
ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 116 TOP: Transcription
11.Which of the following statements is true?
| a. | Amino acid chains form DNA. |
| b. | The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm. |
| c. | Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine. |
| d. | None of the above is true. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
12.An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as a:
| a. | chromosome. |
| b. | chromatid. |
| c. | genome. |
| d. | cytokinesis. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 122
TOP:DNA Replication
13.Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as:
| a. | haploid. |
| b. | diploid. |
| c. | myoid. |
| d. | dioid. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Meiosis
14.Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor?
| a. | Anaplasia |
| b. | Hyperplasia |
| c. | Neoplasm |
| d. | Benign |
ANS:CDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 126 (Box 5-3)
TOP: Changes in Cell Growth, Reproduction, and Survival
15.If a sequence of nitrogen bases in nucleic acid were A-U-C-G-A, which of the following would be true about the nucleic acid?
| a. | It contains deoxyribose sugar. |
| b. | It could be found only in the nucleus. |
| c. | It contains ribose sugar. |
| d. | Both A and B are true. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 116 TOP: Transcription
16.The G1 and G2 phases of cell growth are separated by:
| a. | anaphase. |
| b. | the S phase. |
| c. | telophase. |
| d. | both A and C. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
17.DNA replication occurs during:
| a. | prophase. |
| b. | telophase. |
| c. | metaphase. |
| d. | none of the above. |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
18.If a species of animal had 16 pairs of chromosomes in its normal body cells, its gametes would contain _____ chromosomes.
| a. | 16 |
| b. | 8 |
| c. | 32 |
| d. | None of the above is correct. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Meiosis
19.In protein synthesis, some segments of the RNA transcript represent noncoding parts of the DNA. These are called:
| a. | exons. |
| b. | codons. |
| c. | introns. |
| d. | spliceosomes. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 117
TOP:Editing the Transcript
20.The membranous organelle in the cytoplasm that is able to replicate itself is the:
| a. | Golgi apparatus. |
| b. | mitochondrion. |
| c. | lysosome. |
| d. | ribosome. |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 122
TOP: Production of Cytoplasm
21.Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?
| a. | Prophase |
| b. | Metaphase |
| c. | Anaphase |
| d. | Interphase |
ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Mitosis
22.The end product of the process of transcription is a(n):
| a. | mRNA molecule. |
| b. | tRNA molecule. |
| c. | protein. |
| d. | new DNA molecule. |
ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 116 TOP: Transcription
23.The end product of the process of translation is a(n):
| a. | mRNA molecule. |
| b. | tRNA molecule. |
| c. | protein. |
| d. | new DNA molecule. |
ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 119 TOP: Translation
24.If the original DNA code was ACG, the mRNA that would be formed would be:
| a. | UCG. |
| b. | AGC. |
| c. | UGC. |
| d. | Not enough information is given to answer the question. |
ANS:CDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 117|Page 119
TOP: Translation
25.If the original DNA code was ACG, the tRNA that would transfer the correct amino acid would have which sequence of nucleotides?
| a. | UCG |
| b. | ACG |
| c. | UGC |
| d. | Not enough information is given to answer the question. |
ANS:BDIF:ApplicationREF:Page 117|Page 119
TOP: Translation
26.Interphase does not include which of the following?
| a. | M phase |
| b. | G1 phase |
| c. | G2 phase |
| d. | S phase |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124
TOP: Mitosis
27.In the DNA molecule, obligatory base pairing always pairs
| a. | A-G. |
| b. | C-T. |
| c. | A-T. |
| d. | both A and B. |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
28.In humans, one gene consists of about how many nucleotide pairs?
| a. | 10,000 |
| b. | 1000 |
| c. | 100 |
| d. | 50 |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
29.Which is capable of properly refolding an improperly refolded protein molecule?
| a. | Proteasome |
| b. | Proteome |
| c. | Chaperone |
| d. | Polyribosome |
ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 119
TOP: Translation
30.Which is capable of destroying improperly folded proteins that could possibly harm the cell?
| a. | Proteasome |
| b. | Proteome |
| c. | Chaperone |
| d. | Polyribosome |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 119
TOP: Translation
31.Which is the complete set of proteins that can be produced by the cell?
| a. | Proteasome |
| b. | Proteome |
| c. | Chaperone |
| d. | Polyribosome |
ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 119
TOP: Translation
32.The structure that holds two newly replicated DNA strands together is the:
| a. | centromere. |
| b. | telomere. |
| c. | spindle. |
| d. | chromatid. |
ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
MATCHING
Match each of the terms related to protein synthesis with its corresponding statement or definition.
| a. | mRNA |
| b. | tRNA |
| c. | Transcription |
| d. | Translation |
| e. | RNAi |
1.process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides
2.type of RNA that carries information in many groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid
3.type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a specific amino acid
4.process that involves the movement of the mRNA with respect to the ribosome
5.can inhibit the process of protein synthesis
1.ANS:CDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Transcription | Translation
2.ANS:ADIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Transcription | Translation
3.ANS:BDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Transcription | Translation
4.ANS:EDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Transcription | Translation
5.ANS:DDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 116|Page 119 TOP: Transcription | Translation
Match each phase of mitosis with its corresponding description.
| a. | Anaphase |
| b. | Metaphase |
| c. | Prophase |
| d. | Telophase |
6.phase in which chromosomes become visible
7.chromosomes align along the equator of spindle fibers
8.chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell
9.chromosomes elongate into chromatin form and spindle fibers disappear
6.ANS:CDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 123 (Table 5-5) TOP: Major Events in Mitosis
7.ANS:BDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 123 (Table 5-5) TOP: Major Events in Mitosis
8.ANS:ADIF:Memorization
REF: Page 123 (Table 5-5) TOP: Major Events in Mitosis
9.ANS:DDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 123 (Table 5-5) TOP: Major Events in Mitosis
Match the following terms with their definition or description.
| a. | Adenine |
| b. | mRNA |
| c. | Interon |
| d. | RNAi |
| e. | Uracil |
| f. | Chaperone protein |
| g. | Transcription |
| h. | tRNA |
| i. | Thymine |
| j. | Exons |
| k. | Proteasomes |
| l. | Telomere |
| m. | Centromere |
| n. | Haploid |
| o. | Diploid |
| p. | Translation |
10.This nitrogen base is found only in RNA.
11.This nitrogen base is found in both RNA and DNA.
12.This nitrogen base is found only in DNA.
13.This is the term used to describe the number of chromosomes in a gamete.
14.This is the term used to describe the normal number of chromosomes in most body cells.
15.These parts of messenger RNA are removed and not sent to the ribosome.
16.These parts of the edited messenger RNA are sent to the ribosome.
17.This part of the chromosome is not replicated during DNA replication.
18.This structure holds two newly formed chromosomes together.
19.This can properly refold an improperly folded protein.
20.This can destroy an improperly folded protein before it can harm the cell.
21.This type of RNA carries information from the nucleus to the ribosome.
22.This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
23.This type of RNA can prevent protein synthesis.
24.This process copies the DNA code to RNA.
25.This process results in a newly built protein.
10.ANS:EDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
11.ANS:ADIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
12.ANS:IDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 114|Page 115 TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
13.ANS:NDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 124
TOP: Meiosis
14.ANS:ODIF:MemorizationREF:Page 124
TOP: Meiosis
15.ANS:CDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 117
TOP:Editing the Transcript
16.ANS:JDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 117
TOP:Editing the Transcript
17.ANS:LDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 122
TOP:DNA Replication
18.ANS:MDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
19.ANS:FDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 119
TOP: Translation
20.ANS:KDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 119
TOP: Translation
21.ANS:BDIF:Memorization
REF:Page 116|Page 117TOP:Transcription
22.ANS:HDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 117|Page 119 TOP: Translation
23.ANS:DDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 117|Page 119 TOP: Translation
24.ANS:GDIF:MemorizationREF:Page 116
TOP:Transcription
25.ANS:PDIF:Memorization
REF: Page 117|Page 119 TOP: Translation
SHORT ANSWER
1.Describe the structure of a DNA molecule. What is the importance of the “triplet?”
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF:ApplicationREF:Page 114|Page 115
TOP: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
2.Describe the process of transcription. What are introns and exons?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 116|Page 117 TOP: Transcription
3.Describe the process of translation. What is RNAi?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 117|Page 119 TOP: Translation
4.Describe the process of DNA replication.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF:MemorizationREF:Page 122|Page 123
TOP:DNA Replication
5.Explain the process of mitosis. Explain what occurs in each step.
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Memorization REF: Page 124 TOP: Cell Replication
6.Explain the difference in the cells formed by mitosis and meiosis. Why is this difference important?
ANS:
Answers will vary.
DIF: Application REF: Page 124|Page 125 TOP: Meiosis
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