Anatomy And Physiology 9th Edition by Marieb – Test Bank

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Sample Questions Posted Below

 

Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition

Chapter 05: Cell Structure

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The fundamental unit of life is the:

a. atom.

b. cell.

c. gene.

d. DNA molecule.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Introduction

2. Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells?

a. Gland cells

b. Immune cells

c. Nerve cells

d. Red blood cells

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Examples of Cell Types

3. Main cell structures include all of the following except:

a. organelles.

b. plasma membrane.

c. interstitial fluid.

d. cytoplasm.

ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Structure  

4. Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

a. Self-identification

b. Receptor site for messages

c. Selective barrier

d. Control center of the cell

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions

5. The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the:

a. lysosome.

b. Golgi apparatus.

c. ribosome.

d. centriole.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes

6. The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize:

a. proteins.

b. carbohydrates.

c. fats.

d. cholesterol.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

7. Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell?

a. Peroxisomes

b. Mitochondria

c. Ribosomes

d. Lysosomes

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes

8. Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?

a. Nucleolus

b. Ribosome

c. Mitochondrion

d. Golgi apparatus

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus 

9. Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called:

a. cilia.

b. flagella.

c. microvilli.

d. microtubules.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

10. Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:

a. microfilaments.

b. chromatin.

c. nucleotides.

d. microtubules.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

11. Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:

a. gap junctions.

b. desmosomes.

c. tight junctions.

d. adhesions.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

12. The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae?

a. Golgi apparatus

b. Mitochondrion

c. Endoplasmic reticulum

d. Ribosome

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria  

13. The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called:

a. cilia.

b. flagella.

c. microvilli.

d. desmosomes.

ANS: A 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions

14. A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the:

a. flagellum.

b. cilium.

c. microvillus.

d. microtubule.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

15. DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle?

a. Lysosome

b. Ribosome

c. Chromosome

d. Nucleus

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

16. An area of cytoplasm that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules is called:

a. cytoplasm A.

b. mitochondria.

c. centrosome.

d. ribosomes.

ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

17. The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as:

a. Golgi apparatus.

b. plasma membrane.

c. cytoplasm.

d. centrosome.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

18. Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus?

a. Mitochondria

b. Cilia

c. Peroxisomes

d. Lysosomes

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes

19. Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called:

a. mitochondria.

b. caveolae.

c. cisternae.

d. vesicles.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Caveolae

20. The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center.

a. centrosome

b. cytoskeleton

c. centriole

d. ribosome

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

21. Each of the following is an example of the plasma membrane function except:

a. boundary.

b. self-identification.

c. receptor sites.

d. production of proteins.

ANS: D 

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane

22. Which of the following is a functional characteristic of ribosomes?

a. Manufacture of mRNA

b. Protein synthesis

c. DNA replication

d. Housing of DNA

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

23. ATP production occurs within which organelle?

a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi apparatus

c. Flagellum

d. Mitochondrion

ANS: D 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria

24. Which organelle consists of separate tiny sacs called cisternae?

a. Golgi apparatus

b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

d. Mitochondria

ANS: A 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

25. In nondividing cells, DNA appears as threads that are referred to as:

a. chromatin.

b. chromosomes.

c. histones.

d. none of the above.

ANS: A 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

26. The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:

a. mRNA.

b. rRNA.

c. tRNA.

d. DNA.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

27. The largest human cell, measuring about 150 m, is a:

a. white blood cell.

b. female sex cell or ovum.

c. liver cell.

d. male sex cell or sperm.

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells

28. In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule:

a. faces the exterior of the cell.

b. faces the interior of the cell.

c. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.

d. both A and B.

ANS: D 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane

29. In the cell membrane, the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid molecule:

a. faces the exterior of the cell.

b. faces the interior of the cell.

c. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer.

d. both A and B.

ANS: C 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane

30. The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily?

a. Cholesterol

b. Protein

c. Phospholipids

d. Glycoproteins

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

31. The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:

a. cholesterol molecules.

b. phospholipid molecules.

c. glycoprotein molecules.

d. channel proteins.

ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

32. Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

a. Provides a site for ribosome attachment

b. Supplies membrane for use throughout the cell

c. Makes steroid hormones

d. Makes glycoproteins

ANS: A 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

33. Which of the following is not true about ribosomes?

a. Contain protein

b. Composed of a large unit and a small unit

c. Surrounded by a membrane structure

d. Contain RNA

ANS: C 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

34. The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are:

a. ribosomes.

b. lysosomes.

c. peroxisomes.

d. both B and C.

ANS: D 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

35. Which of the following statements does not describe the nucleolus?

a. It is found in the nucleus.

b. It has a membrane similar to the nucleus.

c. It is made of nucleic acids.

d. All of the above are true about the nucleolus.

ANS: D 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

36. A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read:

a. microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.

b. microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments.

c. microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.

d. microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments.

ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

37. The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called:

a. microvilli.

b. flagella.

c. cilia.

d. All cell extensions contain microfilaments.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

38. Which of the following organelles is considered a membranous organelle?

a. Lysosome

b. Ribosome

c. Nucleolus

d. Both A and B

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions

39. Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle?

a. Golgi apparatus

b. Ribosome

c. Mitochondria

d. Both A and B

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Some Major Cell Structures and Their Functions

40. The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the:

a. receptor proteins.

b. glycoproteins.

c. rafts in the cell membrane.

d. phospholipid bilayer.

ANS: D 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane

41. Which structures in the cell membrane are a stiff grouping of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol?

a. Glycoproteins

b. Rafts

c. Phospholipids

d. Receptor proteins

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Membrane Structure 

42. Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

a. It makes lipids and carbohydrates.

b. It is made of broad, flattened sacs.

c. It has many ribosomes attached to it.

d. All of the above are true of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

43. The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the:

a. mitochondria.

b. proteasomes.

c. peroxisomes.

d. lysosomes.

ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Peroxisomes

44. Which of the following structures contains DNA?

a. Nucleus

b. Mitochondria

c. Ribosome

d. Both A and B

ANS: D 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria and Nucleus

45. Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?

a. Energy production

b. Protein synthesis

c. Cell division

d. Synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates

ANS: C 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes

46. Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow?

a. Microvilli

b. Primary cilium

c. Cilia

d. Flagella

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

47. Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins?

a. Acting as receptors

b. Signal transduction

c. Identification of “self”

d. All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins.

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

48. Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome?

a. Digests proteins down to individual amino acids so they can be recycled by the cell

b. Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits

c. Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in

d. All of the above are structures or functions of proteasomes.

ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Proteasomes

49. Which cell fiber is called the engine of the cell?

a. Centrosome

b. Microfilament

c. Microtubule

d. Intermediate filament

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

50. Which fiber is the smallest of the cell fibers?

a. Centrosome

b. Microfilament

c. Microtubule

d. Intermediate filament

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

51. Which cell fiber is made of twisted strands of protein?

a. Centrosomes

b. Microfilament

c. Microtubule

d. Intermediate filament

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

52. Which type of cell connection joins heart muscle cells?

a. Tight junction

b. Desmosome

c. Macrofilament

d. Gap junction

ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

53. Which type of cell connection acts like a “spot weld” to hold cells together?

a. Tight junction

b. Desmosome

c. Macrofilament

d. Gap junction

ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections

TRUE/FALSE

1. The longest extension of a nerve cell can be almost a foot long.

ANS: F 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells

2. An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity.

ANS: T 

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

3. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Peroxisomes

4. The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic, or water loving.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

5. Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for making proteins to be exported out of the cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

6. The functions of the nucleus are regulated by RNA.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

7. The major direct cell connections are tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

8. Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

9. Gap junctions are found in the small intestine. They allow molecules to flow between cells.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: Page 84

TOP: Cell Connections 

10. The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of cell activity.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria  

11. The cell’s internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cytoskeleton  

12. The size of a cell’s nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

13. Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

14. Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

15. Cilia are longer and more numerous than flagella.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

16. The nucleolus is made up of tightly coiled DNA.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

17. The thinnest cell fibers are tiny, hollow tubes called microtubules.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

18. The plasma membrane can be described as a double layer of phospholipid molecules.

ANS: T 

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

19. Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain.

ANS: F 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria

20. Cell fibers that are composed of twisted protein strands are microtubules.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

21. The “typical” cell described in this chapter is very similar to most of the cells in the human body.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: The Typical Cell 

22. The watery fluid in the cell is called cytosol.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Structure  

23. Water-soluble substances easily pass through the cell membrane.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

24. Glycoproteins on the cell membrane identify the cell as “self.”

ANS: T 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane

25. Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

26. Proteins in the cell membrane can control the movement of material through the cell membrane.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: Page 72

TOP: Cell Membrane 

27. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that supplies membrane material for use throughout the cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

28. Ribosomes are only found attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

29. The main function of the ribosome is to provide energy to the cell.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

30. The Golgi apparatus helps to prepare material for export from the cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus 

31. The protein-processing units of the Golgi apparatus are called cisterna.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus 

32. Lysosomes can be called the “garbage disposals” of the cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes

33. The catalase in the peroxisomes reacts to detoxify carbon dioxide.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Peroxisomes

34. The inner folds of the mitochondria are called cisterna.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria  

35. It is likely that a muscle cell would have more mitochondria than a fat cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria

36. One of the main functions of the mitochondria is to supply the cell with ATP.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria  

37. The name nucleus comes from the Greek word for color.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

38. Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA.

ANS: T 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

39. Microtubules are sometimes called the engines of the cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

40. The body of a female does not produce cells with flagella.

ANS: T 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions

41. Schleiden and Schwann were the first scientists to see cells.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Introduction

42. The largest human cell is the female ovum or egg cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Functional Anatomy of Cells

43. Another term for cytosol is intracellular fluid.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Structure  

44. The fluid mosaic model describes the chromatin material found in the nucleus.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

45. One function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to help maintain a low Ca⁺⁺ concentration in the cell’s interior.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

46. A major part of ribosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

47. The proteasomes contain enzymes that assist in protein synthesis.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Proteasomes

48. Proteasomes only destroy abnormal or misfolded proteins in the cell.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Proteasomes

49. Small proteins called ubiquitins assist the proteasomes in accomplishing their function.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Proteasomes

50. An organelle called a vault, composed of RNA and protein, functions to shuttle molecules to and from the nucleus.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Vaults

51. An angstrom is larger than a nanometer.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Units of Size  

52. Two types of lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol, are important molecules in the cell membrane.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

53. Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Membrane Structure 

54. Hormones attach to special cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Membrane Function 

55. Three ribosomal subunits must come together to form a functioning ribosome.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

56. Many ribosomes can work on the same mRNA strand at the same time; when this occurs, the structure is called a polyribosome.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

57. A complete ribosome only exists when it is making a protein.

ANS: T 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

58. In order for the Golgi apparatus to function correctly, both the ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum must be functioning also.

ANS: T 

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus

59. Muscular dystrophy is a disease condition that can be linked to the malfunctioning of proteasomes.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Proteasomes

60. The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria  

61. Another name for the centrosome is the microtubule organizing center.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

62. The centriole is a single cylindrical structure at the boundary of the centrosome.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

63. Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads from one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Molecular Motors 

64. All of the cell extensions—microvilli, cilia, and flagella—have basically the same structure. They only differ in number per cell and length.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

65. Primary cilia are unable to move because they lack the central pair of microtubules and motor molecules.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

66. Cytoplasm is another term for cytosol.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Structure  

67. One important function of integral membrane proteins is signal transduction or carrying messages across the cell membrane.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Membrane Function 

68. Integral membrane proteins play an important role in pinching off the cell membrane so two new cells can form during cell division.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Membrane Function 

69. Organelles can be divided into two groups, hydrophobic (water fearing) and hydrophilic (water loving).

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cytoplasm and Organelles

70. The only structural difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that the rough ER has ribosomes attached.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

71. The ribosome is an example of a membranous organelle.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

72. When vesicles from the Golgi apparatus reach the cell membrane, the contents are secreted to outside the cell.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus 

73. The usual destination for vesicles released by the Golgi apparatus is the nucleus of the cell.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus 

74. Lysosomes are vesicles that have been pinched off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes

75. Nuclear pore complexes regulate what can enter and leave the nucleus.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

76. Centrioles are made up of cylinders of nine bundles of microtubules with two tubules in each bundle.

ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

77. Centrosomes play an important role in cell division.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

78. Primary cilia can act as sensory organelles.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

79. One function of the microvilli is to increase the surface area of a membrane to provide for more efficient absorption.

ANS: T 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

 

MATCHING

Match each cell structure with its corresponding description or function.

a. Plasma membrane

b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. Golgi apparatus

d. Nucleolus

e. Nucleus

f. Ribosome

g. Lysosome

h. Mitochondria

i. Peroxisomes

j. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

k. Proteasomes

1. Tubular network in the cell with no ribosomes that synthesize lipids and carbohydrates

2. Outer boundary of the cell made up of phospholipids and proteins

3. Functions in processing and packaging of protein molecules to be exported from the cell

4. Protein factory made up of two subunits

5. Structure in the cell nucleus that makes ribosomes

6. Major source of ATP synthesis; the “powerhouse” of the cell

7. Vesicles or sacs in the cell that can destroy large molecules or even the cell itself

8. Vesicles that contain catalase that are important in metabolic reactions involving hydrogen peroxide

9. Structures that destroy improperly folded protein molecules that could possibly harm the cell

10. One of the largest structures in the cell; contains DNA

11. Broad, flattened sacs that extend from the nucleus and have ribosomes attached to them

1. ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

2. ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

3. ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus 

4. ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Ribosomes

5. ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

6. ANS: H 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Mitochondria  

7. ANS: G 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Lysosomes

8. ANS: I 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Peroxisomes

9. ANS: K 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Proteasomes

10. ANS: E 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

11. ANS: J 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Endoplasmic Reticulum

Match each term to the phrase that describes it best.

a. Microtubules

b. Intermediate filaments

c. Microfilaments

d. Centrosomes

e. Cilia

f. Flagella

g. Microvilli

h. Desmosomes

i. Tight junctions

j. Gap junctions

k. Primary cilium

l. Centrioles

12. Cell fiber that can be found in muscle cells

13. Cell extension that is found on the sperm cell

14. Cell connections that are like small “spot welds”

15. Cell extension that increases surface area for more efficient absorption

16. Largest of the cell fibers; act like “engines” for the cell

17. Microtubule organizing centers that also play a role in cell division

18. Cell connections that form tunnels between cells and are found in heart muscles

19. Cell fibers that are slightly thicker than microfilaments

20. Cell extensions that are shorter than flagella and are found lining the respiratory tract

21. Cell connection that forms a “collar” around groups of cells

22. Tiny cylinders that can be found near the boundaries of the centrosomes

23. Cell extensions that lack the center pair of microtubules and can function as sensory organelles; not found in blood cells, but most other cells have them

12. ANS: C 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

13. ANS: F 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

14. ANS: H 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

15. ANS: G 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

16. ANS: A 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

17. ANS: D 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

18. ANS: J 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

19. ANS: B 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

20. ANS: E 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

21. ANS: I 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

22. ANS: L 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes  

23. ANS: K 

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions 

OTHER

1. Describe the structure of the cell membrane, and explain what is meant by the fluid mosaic model.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane

2. Explain the functions of the cell membrane.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Application 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

3. Explain what structure on the cell membrane makes it difficult to transplant an organ from one person into another.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Membrane 

4. Name and give the functions of the membranous organelles of the cell.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Structure  

5. Name and give the functions of the nonmembranous organelles of the cell.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Structure  

6. Name and explain the function of each of the three types of cell fibers in the cell.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Fibers

7. What is the function of the centrosome, and by what other name is it known?

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Centrosomes

8. What are molecular motors, and what is their function in the cell?

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Molecular Motors

9. Explain the structure and function of the microvilli.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions

10. Explain the structure and function of cilia and flagella. What is the only type of human cell that has a flagellum?

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions

11. Explain the structure and function of the primary cilium in the cell. Which cell type does not have a primary cilium?

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Extensions

12. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus. Include the structure and function of the nucleolus.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Nucleus

13. Name and describe the three types of cell connections.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Memorization   

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

ESSAY

1. Joanne, a 75-year-old patient, has an active peptic ulcer. Describe the cellular organelles involved in synthesizing digestive enzymes for the stomach.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Cytoplasm and Organelles

2. Rebecca received second-degree sunburn and was very uncomfortable for several days. Her skin began to heal, and some of the epithelial tissue began to peel off in layers. Explain the cell connections that allow the skin cells to hold onto each other in a sheet.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Cell Connections 

3. Explain the process by which a protein is processed in preparation for being released by the cell, starting at the ribosome and ending at the cell membrane.

ANS: Answers will vary.

DIF: Synthesis 

REF: 

TOP: Golgi Apparatus