Complete Test Bank With Answers
Sample Questions Posted Below
Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
| 1. |
To maintain a clear focus on ethics, it is helpful to contrast its domain to that of law, in order to avoid the tendency to confuse the two or to simplify the moral struggle to do the right thing by seeking a legal reason for action. Which statement is correct concerning ethics? |
| A) |
Ethics considers people as inherently good. |
| B) |
Ethics proposes what a person must do. |
| C) |
Ethics imposes individuals to pay penalties. |
| D) |
Ethics is a way to enforce the current values of society. |
| 2. |
Ethics includes many levels of discourse, but the division of ethics most useful to health care decision making is that of applied ethics. What is applied ethics? |
| A) |
When one considers only his/her individual good or self-interest. |
| B) |
A branch of ethics that views everything as universally valid or where true moral principles apply. |
| C) |
A systematic, logical framework for analysis, discourse, and decision making that assists in ensuring decisions are grounded in “good” actions. |
| D) |
A system that focuses on those traits valued in personal relationships, such as compassion, love, sympathy, and trust. |
| 3. |
Although many philosophical approaches are discussed in the literature, two contrasting approaches are most helpful in applied ethics: deontology and teleology. What is deontology? |
| A) |
Decisions are made on the basis of the greatest good for the greatest number. |
| B) |
Actions are morally right when they are in accord with our nature and end as human beings. |
| C) |
A system that allows social and economic positions to be to everyone’s advantage and open to all. |
| D) |
A rule-based approach in which decisions are made by applying a set of rules of good conduct. |
| 4. |
Although many philosophical approaches are discussed in the literature, two contrasting approaches are most helpful in applied ethics: deontology and teleology. Which is an example of teleology? |
| A) |
All nurses need to follow personal moral codes in their personal and professional life. |
| B) |
Nurses should subscribe to professional codes of ethics in their daily actions as a nurse. |
| C) |
All individuals in a research study have a complete understanding and informed consent of the study. |
| D) |
Preventing communicable disease benefits many more people in the community than does caring for individual illnesses. |
| 5. |
Most people who enter the health care professions cite altruism as one of the reasons for their career choice. Given their desire to help others, the traditional framework of the relationship between health care professionals and the people they care for has been one of paternalism. What is paternalism? |
| A) |
The physician holds the role of the father, the nurse is the mother, and the patient is the child. |
| B) |
The client and health care professional share in determining the options and selecting the best choice for that person. |
| C) |
The balance of authority in decision making shifts away from the provider to the user of health care services and the consumer is clearly in control of choices among available options. |
| D) |
Interventions depend on the ability of the community health nurse to relinquish decision-making control to the community and to trust its ability to make responsible decisions. |
| 6. |
Most people who enter the health care professions cite altruism as one of the reasons for their career choice. When a nurse is making a career choice, which clinical setting would best support the operative framework of consumerism? |
| A) |
Burn/trauma unit |
| B) |
Cardiac critical care unit |
| C) |
Plastic surgery unit |
| D) |
Surgical intensive care unit |
| 7. |
A conception of the role of the health care professional, particularly applicable to community health nursing, is that of catalyst. In this model, what is a catalyst? |
| A) |
The concept involves understanding the world view, life circumstances, and priorities of those requesting or receiving care and exploring the possible options with them in light of their preferences. |
| B) |
The health care professional tries to imagine experiencing the situation of the person seeking care and offers an opinion of the best choice in full consideration of the other party’s individuality. |
| C) |
The community is seen to contain all the necessary qualities and resources for change, and the role of the health care professional is to provide the spark that will initiate change, as desired by the community and on its terms. |
| D) |
The concept to describe action within political, economic, and social systems on behalf of health interests of communities. |
| 8. |
The process of ethical decision making involves analysis of alternative actions in light of moral and ethical principles. In health care ethics, pervasive principles are useful in making conscientious decisions. What is autonomy? |
| A) |
The avoidance of harm. |
| B) |
The desire to act in the best interest of others. |
| C) |
The right of individuals to self-determination. |
| D) |
The recognition that every person and community has intrinsic value. |
| 9. |
The process of ethical decision making involves analysis of alternative actions in light of moral and ethical principles. Which ethical principle is the umbrella concept of the community-as-partner model? |
| A) |
Autonomy |
| B) |
Fidelity |
| C) |
Justice |
| D) |
Veracity |
| 10. |
The principle of justice has two aspects, both of them applicable to health care decision making. What is distributive justice? |
| A) |
The commitment to tell the truth. |
| B) |
The arena of reward and punishment. |
| C) |
The fair distribution of rights and resources. |
| D) |
Faithful in making promises and steadfast in keeping them. |
| 11. |
A nurse is having difficulty with the family decision for aggressive cancer therapy for an individual with metastatic lung cancer. The nurse is wondering if the cancer treatments might be more harmful than the progression of the disease because of the dangerous side effects of chemotherapy. What ethical principle is the nurse struggling with in this situation? |
| A) |
Autonomy |
| B) |
Beneficence |
| C) |
Justice |
| D) |
Nonmaleficence |
| 12. |
A community health nurse has to start an IV on a patient at home for antibiotics. The patient has never had an IV or been in a hospital. The patient asks the community health nurse if this will be a painful procedure. The nurse tells the patient the truth: that it will be uncomfortable while the needle is being inserted. What ethical principle is the nurse practicing? |
| A) |
Autonomy |
| B) |
Fidelity |
| C) |
Justice |
| D) |
Veracity |
| 13. |
To be effective on a long-term basis in a community, a community health nurse needs to network with health care providers in the community to obtain treatment for people made aware of serious health conditions by community health screenings. Which two ethical principles come into question when community health research projects involve health screening? |
| A) |
Autonomy and nonmaleficence |
| B) |
Fidelity and veracity |
| C) |
Respect for persons and beneficence |
| D) |
Beneficence and justice |
| 14. |
The diversity and complexity of communities lead inevitably to a plethora of conflicts between and among ethical principles. What potential conflicts are prominent features of many of the Healthy People 2010 National Health Goals? |
| A) |
Autonomy and beneficence |
| B) |
Autonomy and justice |
| C) |
Beneficence and justice |
| D) |
Respect for people and autonomy |
| 15. |
As the cost of health care increases, so does the population of uninsured and underinsured. Combined with the cost of litigation and extravagant settlements, open access to care is coming into question. What specific ethical quandaries apply to this situation? |
| A) |
Autonomy, beneficence, fidelity |
| B) |
Respect for people, nonmaleficence, veracity |
| C) |
Veracity, justice, nonmaleficence |
| D) |
Autonomy, beneficence, justice |
| 16. |
Working in partnership with communities requires careful consideration of all seven primary ethical principles and the interplay among them. Which three primary ethical principles are most often threatened by the community health nurse’s commitment to beneficence? |
| A) |
Autonomy, respect for people, and nonmaleficence |
| B) |
Fidelity, justice, veracity |
| C) |
Autonomy, justice, veracity |
| D) |
Nonmaleficence, fidelity, respect for people |
| 17. |
When an ethical issue arises for the community health nurse, what is the most important nursing responsibility in managing the patient care situation? |
| A) |
The nurse must be able to analyze the ethical principles at stake at any given decision-making point. |
| B) |
The nurse must follow the request of the patient and family members exactly as they have verbalized what they want done in the situation. |
| C) |
The nurse must ensure the community health care team takes ultimate responsibility for deciding the solution to the situation. |
| D) |
The nurse must remain neutral and detach all present beliefs when making ethical decisions. |
| 18. |
Following a motor vehicle accident, the wife of the victim requests that life support be continued in the absence of any brain function and that the patient be allowed to go home on life support. The health care team believes that life support should be immediately discontinued and the patient’s organs be donated. Which ethical principle applies to this situation? |
| A) |
Autonomy |
| B) |
Fidelity |
| C) |
Justice |
| D) |
Veracity |
| 19. |
It is important the community health nurse agree to do no harm to patients in working to heal patients in the least painful and harmful way possible. What ethical principle applies to the community health nurse? |
| A) |
Respect for person |
| B) |
Veracity |
| C) |
Beneficence |
| D) |
Nonmaleficence |
| 20. |
The community health nurse has to provide an elderly patient with a seasonal influenza immunization. The immunization will cause temporary discomfort at the injection site, but the benefits or protection from getting the flu outweigh any minor discomfort for the patient. Which ethical principle applies to the situation? |
| A) |
Autonomy |
| B) |
Fidelity |
| C) |
Beneficence |
| D) |
Nonmaleficence |
Answer Key
| 1. |
A |
| 2. |
C |
| 3. |
D |
| 4. |
D |
| 5. |
A |
| 6. |
C |
| 7. |
C |
| 8. |
C |
| 9. |
A |
| 10. |
C |
| 11. |
D |
| 12. |
D |
| 13. |
B |
| 14. |
A |
| 15. |
D |
| 16. |
A |
| 17. |
A |
| 18. |
A |
| 19. |
D |
| 20. |
C |
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