Chapter 22 Fluids and Electrolytes

Chapter 22  Fluids and Electrolytes

Complete Chapter Questions And Answers
 

Sample Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What percentage of an adult’s body weight consists of water?
a.
10% to 20%
b.
30% to 40%
c.
50% to 60%
d.
70% to 80%

ANS: C
The percentage of water declines to 50% to 60% in adults.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 660 OBJ: 1
TOP: Fluids KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

2. When administering intravenous (IV) fluids, the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. Dehydration can become lethal if the patient loses:
a.
5% of body fluid.
b.
10% of body fluid.
c.
15% of body fluid.
d.
20% of body fluid.

ANS: D
A loss of 20% of body fluid in an adult is fatal.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 661 OBJ: 1
TOP: Fluids KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

3. The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined to form the:
a.
intercellular compartment.
b.
circulating compartment.
c.
vertical compartment.
d.
extracellular compartment.

ANS: D
The fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined to form the extracellular compartment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 661 OBJ: 1
TOP: Fluid compartments KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

4. The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. The recommended daily amount of water for an adult is about:
a.
1000 mL.
b.
1500 mL.
c.
2050 mL.
d.
2500 mL.

ANS: D
Daily water intake and output is about 2500 mL in the adult.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 662 OBJ: 1
TOP: Fluids KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

5. The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, they must produce an hourly urine output of at least:
a.
10 mL.
b.
20 mL.
c.
30 mL.
d.
40 mL.

ANS: C
The kidneys must excrete a minimum of 30 mL/hour to eliminate waste products.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 662 OBJ: 7
TOP: Fluids KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity